A Quantum Gas Microscope for Fermionic Atoms

Abstract

Strongly interacting fermions define the properties of complex matter at all densities, from atomic nuclei to modern solid state materials and neutron stars. Ultracold atomic Fermi gases have emerged as a pristine platform for the study of many-fermion systems. Here we realize a quantum gas microscope for fermionic ${}^{40}$K atoms trapped in an optical lattice, which allows one to probe strongly correlated fermions at the single atom level. We combine 3D Raman sideband cooling with high-resolution optics to simultaneously cool and image individual atoms with single lattice site resolution at a detection fidelity above $95\%$. The imaging process leaves each atom predominantly in the 3D ground state of its lattice site, inviting the implementation of a Maxwell's demon to assemble low-entropy many-body states. Single site resolved imaging of fermions enables the direct observation of magnetic order, time resolved measurements of the spread of particle correlations, and the detection of many-fermion entanglement.

References in corpus (16)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Single-Atom Resolved Fluorescence Imaging of an Atomic Mott Insulator
• Spin-Injection Spectroscopy of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Fermi Gas
• Quantum Simulation of Antiferromagnetic Spin Chains in an Optical Lattice
• Single-Spin Addressing in an Atomic Mott Insulator
• Observation of antiferromagnetic correlations in the Hubbard model with ultracold atoms
• Evidence for Superfluidity of Ultracold Fermions in an Optical Lattice
• Bose-Fermi Mixtures in a Three-dimensional Optical Lattice
• Two Fermions in a double well: Exploring a fundamental building block of the Hubbard model
• Cooling a single atom in an optical tweezer to its quantum ground state
• Nearest-Neighbor Detection of Atoms in a 1D Optical Lattice by Fluorescence Imaging
• d-wave resonating valence bond states of fermionic atoms in optical lattices
• Multiple species atom source for laser-cooling experiments
• Nondestructive imaging of an ultracold lattice gas

Cited by in corpus (22)

• New frontiers with quantum gases of polar molecules
• Two-terminal transport measurements with cold atoms
• Non-interacting fermions at finite temperature in a $d$-dimensional trap: universal correlations
• Site-resolved imaging of ytterbium atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice
• Efficient entanglement criteria for discrete, continuous, and hybrid variables
• Fast non-destructive parallel readout of neutral atom registers in optical potentials
• Measuring correlations of cold atom systems using multiple quantum probes
• Bosonic Fractional Quantum Hall States on a Finite Cylinder
• Ultracold atoms in a square lattice with spin-orbit coupling: Charge order, superfluidity, and topological signatures
• Creation and transfer of non-classical states of motion using Rydberg dressing of atoms in a lattice
• Degenerate Raman sideband cooling of 39K
• Fast production of Bose-Einstein condensates of metastable Helium
• Critical Opalescence across the Doping Driven Mott Transition in Optical Lattices of Ultracold Atoms
• Non-adiabatic quantum state preparation and quantum state transport in chains of Rydberg atoms
• On the observability of Pauli crystals
• Measuring the Edwards-Anderson order parameter of the Bose glass: a quantum gas microscope approach
• Resolution-enhanced entanglement detection
• Magnetism, transport, and thermodynamics in two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard superlattices
• Efficiency of fermionic quantum distillation
• Time dependent local potential in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid
• PhD thesis "Extreme value statistics of strongly correlated systems: fermions, random matrices and random walks"
• Thermalization of Gases: A First Principles Approach