Computational Role of Multiqubit Tunneling in a Quantum Annealer

Abstract

Quantum tunneling, a phenomenon in which a quantum state traverses energy barriers above the energy of the state itself, has been hypothesized as an advantageous physical resource for optimization. Here we show that multiqubit tunneling plays a computational role in a currently available, albeit noisy, programmable quantum annealer. We develop a non-perturbative theory of open quantum dynamics under realistic noise characteristics predicting the rate of many-body dissipative quantum tunneling. We devise a computational primitive with 16 qubits where quantum evolutions enable tunneling to the global minimum while the corresponding classical paths are trapped in a false minimum. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that quantum tunneling can outperform thermal hopping along classical paths for problems with up to 200 qubits containing the computational primitive. Our results indicate that many-body quantum phenomena could be used for finding better solutions to hard optimization problems.

Complete rewrite, much shorter version of arXiv:1411.4036. 7 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (10)

• Quantum Simulations of Classical Annealing Processes
• Magnetism in SQUIDs at Millikelvin Temperatures
• Consistency Tests of Classical and Quantum Models for a Quantum Annealer
• Reexamining classical and quantum models for the D-Wave One processor
• Probing Noise in Flux Qubits via Macroscopic Resonant Tunneling
• Unraveling Quantum Annealers using Classical Hardness
• Macroscopic Resonant Tunneling in the Presence of Low Frequency Noise
• Open system quantum annealing in mean field models with exponential degeneracy
• Probing High Frequency Noise with Macroscopic Resonant Tunneling
• Observation of Co-tunneling in Pairs of Coupled Flux Qubits

Cited by in corpus (138)

• Adiabatic Quantum Computing
• Superconducting Qubits: Current State of Play
• Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits
• Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review
• From the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm to a Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz
• Digitized adiabatic quantum computing with a superconducting circuit
• Quantum Boltzmann Machine
• What is the Computational Value of Finite Range Tunneling?
• The high-coherence fluxonium qubit
• Quantum critical dynamics in a 5000-qubit programmable spin glass
• Reverse Quantum Annealing Approach to Portfolio Optimization Problems
• Estimation of effective temperatures in quantum annealers for sampling applications: A case study with possible applications in deep learning
• Demonstration of a scaling advantage for a quantum annealer over simulated annealing
• Quantum Supremacy through the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
• Solving the Optimal Trading Trajectory Problem Using a Quantum Annealer
• Optimizing Variational Quantum Algorithms using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle
• Origin and Suppression of $1/f$ Magnetic Flux Noise
• Probing the Universality of Topological Defect Formation in a Quantum Annealer: Kibble-Zurek Mechanism and Beyond
• Observation of classical-quantum crossover of 1/f flux noise and its paramagnetic temperature dependence
• Benchmarking Advantage and D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealers with exact cover problems
• Power of Pausing: Advancing Understanding of Thermalization in Experimental Quantum Annealers
• Strengths and weaknesses of weak-strong cluster problems: A detailed overview of state-of-the-art classical heuristics vs quantum approaches
• Completely positive master equation for arbitrary driving and small level spacing
• Coherent coupled qubits for quantum annealing
• Robust quantum optimizer with full connectivity
• Modernizing Quantum Annealing using Local Searches
• A Coherent Quantum Annealer with Rydberg Atoms
• A Direct Mapping of Max k-SAT and High Order Parity Checks to a Chimera Graph
• Dissipation in adiabatic quantum computers: Lessons from an exactly solvable model
• Quantum annealing of the $p$-spin model under inhomogeneous transverse field driving
• Clustering of non-ergodic eigenstates in quantum spin glasses
• Role of Non-stoquastic Catalysts in Quantum Adiabatic Optimization
• Improving quantum annealing of the ferromagnetic $p$-spin model through pausing
• 3-Regular 3-XORSAT Planted Solutions Benchmark of Classical and Quantum Heuristic Optimizers
• Finite temperature quantum annealing solving exponentially small gap problem with non-monotonic success probability
• Non-Stoquastic Interactions in Quantum Annealing via the Aharonov-Anandan Phase
• Non-ergodic delocalized states for efficient population transfer within a narrow band of the energy landscape
• Quantum Computing for Quantum Tunnelling
• Maximum-Entropy Inference with a Programmable Annealer
• Quantum search with hybrid adiabatic-quantum walk algorithms and realistic noise
• Readiness of Quantum Optimization Machines for Industrial Applications
• Enhancing Quantum Annealing Performance for the Molecular Similarity Problem
• A Ferroelectric Compute-in-Memory Annealer for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
• Probabilistic Nonunitary Gate in Imaginary Time Evolution
• Effective optimization using sample persistence: A case study on quantum annealers and various Monte Carlo optimization methods
• Thermalization, freeze-out and noise: deciphering experimental quantum annealers
• Analog Errors in Ising Machines
• Synchronization and Non-Markovianity in open quantum systems
• Adiabatic optimization versus diffusion Monte Carlo
• Tunable inductive coupling of superconducting qubits in the strongly nonlinear regime
• Completely Quantum Neural Networks
• Quantum Monte Carlo tunneling from quantum chemistry to quantum annealing
• Relation between quantum fluctuations and the performance enhancement of quantum annealing in a nonstoquastic Hamiltonian
• Simulated quantum annealing as a simulator of non-equilibrium quantum dynamics
• Practical engineering of hard spin-glass instances
• High-quality Thermal Gibbs Sampling with Quantum Annealing Hardware
• Self-learning projective quantum Monte Carlo simulations guided by restricted Boltzmann machines
• Improved Boltzmann machines with error corrected quantum annealing
• Boosting quantum annealer performance via sample persistence
• Quantum annealing speedup over simulated annealing on random Ising chains
• Degeneracy, degree, and heavy tails in quantum annealing
• Simulated Quantum Annealing with Two All-to-All Connectivity Schemes
• Comparing relaxation mechanisms in quantum and classical transverse-field annealing
• On the optimal working point in dissipative quantum annealing
• Adiabatic Quantum Search in Open Systems
• Quantum Optimisation of Complex Systems with a Quantum Annealer
• Encrypt me! A game-based approach to Bell inequalities and quantum cryptography
• Programmable Superpositions of Ising Configurations
• De-Signing Hamiltonians for Quantum Adiabatic Optimization
• A Performance Estimator for Quantum Annealers: Gauge selection and Parameter Setting
• Theory of open quantum dynamics with hybrid noise
• Adaptive variational simulation for open quantum systems
• Quantum trajectories for time-dependent adiabatic master equations
• Quantum adiabatic machine learning with zooming
• Optimally Stopped Optimization
• Nested Quantum Annealing Correction at Finite Temperature: $p$-spin models
• A Novel Graph-based Approach for Determining Molecular Similarity
• Quantum state preparation for coupled period tripling oscillators
• Effective Hamiltonians for interacting superconducting qubits -- local basis reduction and the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation
• Benchmarking quantum annealing dynamics: the spin-vector Langevin model
• Approximate optimization, sampling and spin-glass droplets discovery with tensor networks
• Testing a quantum annealer as a quantum thermal sampler
• Search range in experimental quantum annealing
• Improving performance of logical qubits by parameter tuning and topology compensation
• Practical designs for permutation symmetric problem Hamiltonians on hypercubes
• Breakdown of the weak coupling limit in quantum annealing
• Quantum phase transition with inhomogeneous driving in the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller model
• Signatures of Open and Noisy Quantum Systems in Single-Qubit Quantum Annealing
• Engineering non-equilibrium quantum phase transitions via causally gapped Hamiltonians
• Fast, high precision dynamics in quantum optimal control theory
• Viewing Vanilla Quantum Annealing Through Spin Glasses
• Retrieving the ground state of spin glasses using thermal noise: Performance of quantum annealing at finite temperatures
• Observing the fate of the false vacuum with a quantum laboratory
• Quantum annealing of pure and random Ising chains coupled to a bosonic environment
• Spin Superfluid Josephson Phase Qubits
• Patch-planting spin-glass solution for benchmarking
• A Quantum-Inspired Method for Three-Dimensional Ligand-Based Virtual Screening
• A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Paradigm to Mitigate Embedding Costs in Quantum Annealing
• Mean-Field Solution of the Weak-Strong Cluster Problem for Quantum Annealing with Stoquastic and Non-Stoquastic Catalysts
• Diagonal Catalysts in Quantum Adiabatic Optimization
• Quantum annealing for hard 2-SAT problems : Distribution and scaling of minimum energy gap and success probability
• Noise amplification at spin-glass bottlenecks of quantum annealing: a solvable model
• Real-time simulation of flux qubits used for quantum annealing
• Accuracy of the adiabatic-impulse approximation for closed and open quantum systems
• Tunneling in projective quantum Monte Carlo simulations with guiding wave functions
• A QUBO Algorithm to Compute Eigenvectors of Symmetric Matrices
• Locally Suppressed Transverse-Field Protocol for Diabatic Quantum Annealing
• Genuine Multipartite Entanglement in Quantum Optimization
• Self-Supervised Learning of Generative Spin-Glasses with Normalizing Flows
• Noise-tolerant quantum speedups in quantum annealing without fine tuning
• Dissipative Landau-Zener tunneling in the crossover regime from weak to strong environment coupling
• QFitter -- A Quantum Fitting Framework Applied to Effective Field Theories
• Quantum-Annealing-Inspired Algorithms for Track Reconstruction at High-Energy Colliders
• C-Nash: A Novel Ferroelectric Computing-in-Memory Architecture for Solving Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium
• Diagrammatic description of a system coupled strongly to a bosonic bath
• Load Balancing For High Performance Computing Using Quantum Annealing
• Analysis of a Programmable Quantum Annealer as a Random Number Generator
• Accelerating the training of single-layer binary neural networks using the HHL quantum algorithm
• Investigating the potential for a limited quantum speedup on protein lattice problems
• Nonstoquastic catalyst for bifurcation-based quantum annealing of ferromagnetic $p$-spin model
• A proposal of noise suppression for quantum annealing
• Computational Bottlenecks of Quantum Annealing
• Probing False Vacuum Decay and Bubble Nucleation in a Rydberg Atom Array
• Using copies to improve precision in continuous-time quantum computing
• Posiform Planting: Generating QUBO Instances for Benchmarking
• Quantum eigenstate tomography with qubit tunneling spectroscopy
• Decoding quantum error correction with Ising model hardware
• Decoherence of a tunable capacitively shunted flux qubit
• An Overview of Approaches to Modernize Quantum Annealing Using Local Searches
• Annealing Dynamics of Regular Rotor Networks: Universality and Its Breakdown
• Mapping NP-Hard Problems to Restricted Adiabatic Quantum Architectures
• Subsampling Factorization Machine Annealing
• Correspondence between excited energy eigenstates and local minima of energy landscape in quantum spin systems
• The Perturbed Ferromagnetic Chain: A Tuneable Test of Quantum Hardness in the Transverse-Field Ising Model
• Analog Errors in Quantum Annealing: Doom and Hope
• Statistical Analysis of Quantum Annealing
• 2D implementation of quantum annealing algorisms for fourth order binary optimization problems
• Families of $d=2$ 2D subsystem stabilizer codes for universal Hamiltonian quantum computation with two-body interactions