On the structure and evolution of planets and their host stars $-$ effects of various heating mechanisms on the size of giant gas planets

Abstract

It is already stated in the previous studies that the radius of the giant planets is affected by stellar irradiation. The confirmed relation between radius and incident flux depends on planetary mass intervals. In this study, we show that there is a single relation between radius and irradiated energy per gram per second ($l_{-}$), for all mass intervals. There is an extra increase in radius of planets if $l_{-}$ is higher than 1100 times energy received by the Earth ($l_{\oplus }$). This is likely due to dissociation of molecules. The tidal interaction as a heating mechanism is also considered and found that its maximum effect on the inflation of planets is about 15 per cent. We also compute age and heavy element abundances from the properties of host stars, given in the TEPCat catalogue (Southworth 2011). The metallicity given in the literature is as [Fe/H]. However, the most abundant element is oxygen, and there is a reverse relation between the observed abundances [Fe/H] and [O/Fe]. Therefore, we first compute [O/H] from [Fe/H] by using observed abundances, and then find heavy element abundance from [O/H]. We also develop a new method for age determination. Using the ages we find, we analyse variation of both radius and mass of the planets with respect to time, and estimate the initial mass of the planets from the relation we derive for the first time. According to our results, the highly irradiated gas giants lose 5 per cent of their mass in every 1 Gyr.

arXiv comment15 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted by MNRAS

References in corpus (52)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Low Temperature Opacities
• The WASP Project and the SuperWASP Cameras
• Kepler Mission Design, Realized Photometric Performance, and Early Science
• Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
• The NASA Exoplanet Archive: Data and Tools for Exoplanet Research
• Solar Models with Helium and Heavy Element Diffusion
• The CoRoT satellite in flight : description and performance
• Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition
• Wide-field millimagnitude photometry with HAT: A Tool for Extra-solar Planet Detection
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• TrES-1: The Transiting Planet of a Bright K0V Star
• Giant Planets at Small Orbital Distances
• How Thermal Evolution and Mass Loss Sculpt Populations of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes: Application to the Kepler-11 System and Beyond
• The Interior Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Giant Planets
• Friends of Hot Jupiters I: A Radial Velocity Search for Massive, Long-Period Companions to Close-In Gas Giant Planets
• Is tidal heating sufficient to explain bloated exoplanets? Consistent calculations accounting for finite initial eccentricity
• Structure and evolution of super-Earth to super-Jupiter exoplanets: I. heavy element enrichment in the interior
• A correlation between the heavy element content of transiting extrasolar planets and the metallicity of their parent stars
• Observations of Mass Loss from the Transiting Exoplanet HD 209458b
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
• The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
• KELT-1b: A Strongly Irradiated, Highly Inflated, Short Period, 27 Jupiter-mass Companion Transiting a mid-F Star
• Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• The Heavy Element Masses of Extrasolar Giant Planets, Revealed
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission II. CoRoT-Exo-2b: A transiting planet around an active G star
• Lack of Inflated Radii for Kepler Giant Planet Candidates Receiving Modest Stellar Irradiation
• Composition and fate of short-period super-Earths: The case of CoRoT-7b
• On the Radii of Close-in Giant Planets
• A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet
• Jupiter models with improved ab initio hydrogen EOS (H-REOS.2)
• The XO Project: Searching for Transiting Extra-solar Planet Candidates
• System description and first light-curves of HAT, an autonomous observatory for variability search
• Tidal Heating of Extra-Solar Planets
• The KELT-South Telescope
• Asteroseismic Investigation of Known Planet Hosts in the Kepler Field
• Spitzer 3.6 micron and 4.5 micron full-orbit lightcurves of WASP-18
• WASP-52b, WASP-58b, WASP-59b, and WASP-60b: four new transiting close-in giant planets
• WASP-14b: 7.3 Mj transiting planet in an eccentric orbit
• LHS6343C: A Transiting Field Brown Dwarf Discovered by the Kepler Mission
• Mass-Radius Relations and Core-Envelope Decompositions of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• Origin of Tidal Dissipation in Jupiter: I. Properties of Inertial-Mode
• Exploring atmospheres of hot mini-Neptunes and extrasolar giant planets orbiting different stars with application to HD 97658b, WASP-12b, CoRoT-2b, XO-1b and HD 189733b
• The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M-Dwarfs
• Viscoelastic Tidal Dissipation in Giant Planets and Formation of Hot Jupiters Through High-Eccentricity Migration
• WASP-78b and WASP-79b: Two highly-bloated hot Jupiter-mass exoplanets orbiting F-type stars in Eridanus
• Asteroseismology of the Transiting Exoplanet Host HD 17156 with HST FGS
• Beryllium in turnoff stars of NGC6397: early Galaxy spallation, cosmochronology and cluster formation
• Theoretical Radii of Extrasolar Giant Planets: the Cases of TrES-4, XO-3b, and HAT-P-1b
• Small hydrocarbon molecules in cloud-forming Brown Dwarf and giant gas planet atmospheres
• The first planet detected in the WTS: an inflated hot-Jupiter in a 3.35 day orbit around a late F-star
• Fundamental properties of solar-like oscillating stars from frequencies of minimum $\Delta \nu$: I. Model computations for solar composition

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Fundamental properties of Kepler and CoRoT targets -- IV. Masses and radii from frequencies of minimum $\Delta \nu$ and their implications
• Asteroseismic analysis of 15 solar-like oscillating evolved stars
• Asteroseismic analysis of eight solar-like oscillating evolved stars in the open cluster NGC 6811