Songlines from Direct Collapse Seed Black Holes: Effects of X-rays on Black Hole Growth and Stellar Populations

Abstract

In the last decade, the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) has been intricately linked to galaxy formation and evolution and is a key ingredient in the assembly of galaxies. To investigate the origin of SMBHs, we perform cosmological simulations that target the direct collapse black hole (DCBH) seed formation scenario in the presence of two different strong Lyman-Werner (LW) background fields. These simulations include the X-ray irradiation from a central massive black hole (MBH), ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ self-shielding and stellar feedback from metal-free and metal-enriched stars. We find in both simulations that local X-ray feedback induces metal-free star formation $\sim 0.5$ Myr after the MBH forms. The MBH accretion rate reaches a maximum of $10^{-3}$ $M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ in both simulations. However, the duty cycle differs which is derived to be $6\%$ and $50\%$ for high and low LW cases, respectively. The MBH in the high LW case grows only $\sim 6\%$ in 100 Myr compared to $16\%$ in the low LW case. We find that the maximum accretion rate is determined by the local gas thermodynamics whereas the duty cycle is determined by the large scale gas dynamics and gas reservoir. We conclude that radiative feedback from the central MBH plays an important role in star formation in the nuclear regions and stifling initial MBH growth, relative to the typical Eddington rate argument, and that initial MBH growth might be affected by the local LW radiation field.

8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ, with minor changes to submitted version

References in corpus (13)

• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. III. Feedback from the First Stars
• Fluctuations in the High-Redshift Lyman-Werner Background: Close Halo Pairs as the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes
• Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, II: Effects of a photodissociating background
• Black hole masses and enrichment of z ~ 6 SDSS quasars
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. II. Central Gravitational Collapse
• The aftermath of the first stars: massive black holes
• The HII Region of a Primordial Star
• Feedback-regulated Super Massive Black Hole Seed Formation
• A UV flux constraint on the formation of direct collapse black holes
• The Direct Collapse of a Massive Black Hole Seed Under the Influence of an Anisotropic Lyman-Werner Source
• A No-Go Theorem for Direct Collapse Black Holes Without a Strong Ultraviolet Background
• The formation of massive primordial stars in the presence of moderate UV backgrounds

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Off the Beaten Path: A New Approach to Realistically Model The Orbital Decay of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxy Formation Simulations
• High-redshift Galaxy Formation with Self-consistently Modeled Stars and Massive Black Holes: Stellar Feedback and Quasar Growth
• Inception of a first quasar at cosmic dawn
• The Consequences of Gamma-ray Burst Jet Opening Angle Evolution on the Inferred Star Formation Rate