Engineering spin-orbit coupling for photons and polaritons in microstructures
arXiv:1406.4816 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.5.011034
Abstract
One of the most fundamental properties of electromagnetism and special relativity is the coupling between the spin of an electron and its orbital motion. This is at the origin of the fine structure in atoms, the spin Hall effect in semiconductors, and underlies many intriguing properties of topological insulators, in particular their chiral edge states. Configurations where neutral particles experience an effective spin-orbit coupling have been recently proposed and realized using ultracold atoms and photons. Here we use coupled micropillars etched out of a semiconductor microcavity to engineer a spin-orbit Hamiltonian for photons and polaritons in a microstructure. The coupling between the spin and orbital momentum arises from the polarisation dependent confinement and tunnelling of photons between micropillars arranged in the form of a hexagonal photonic molecule. Dramatic consequences of the spin-orbit coupling are experimentally observed in these structures in the wavefunction of polariton condensates, whose helical shape is directly visible in the spatially resolved polarisation patterns of the emitted light. The strong optical nonlinearity of polariton systems suggests exciting perspectives for using quantum fluids of polaritons11 for quantum simulation of the interplay between interactions and spin-orbit coupling.
main text: pages 1-11 (4 figures); supplementary material: pages 12-28 (9 figures)
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- Lasing in topological edge states of a 1D lattice
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- Artificial gauge fields in materials and engineered systems
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- Direct Generation of Radially Polarized Vector Vortex Beam with an Exciton-Polariton Laser
- 2D Quantum Turbulence in Polariton Condensates
- Fluorescence spectrum and thermalization in a driven coupled cavity array
- Realization of Hofstadter's butterfly and a one-way edge mode in a polaritonic system
- Observation of Exciton Polariton Condensation in a Perovskite Lattice at Room Temperature
- Unconventional Quantum Electrodynamics with Hofstadter-Ladder Waveguide
- Observing polarization patterns in the collective motion of nanomechanical arrays
- Spin-orbit coupling in a hexagonal ring of pendula
- Nonclassical statistics from a polaritonic Josephson junction
- Electrically controlling vortices in a neutral exciton polariton condensate at room temperature
- Photonic Berry curvature in double liquid crystal microcavities with broken inversion symmetry
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- Polaritonic Quantum Matter
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- Chiral solitons in spinor polariton rings
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- Discrete chiral ballistic polariton laser
- New Frontiers in Multidimensional Self-Trapping of Nonlinear Fields and Matter
- Adiabatic theory of one-dimensional curved polariton waveguides
- Localization engineering by resonant driving in dissipative polariton arrays
- Observing complementary Lucas sequences using non-Hermitian zero modes
- Lasing in the Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling regime in a dye-filled liquid crystal optical microcavity
- Dynamical Generation of Spin Current and Phase Slip in Exciton-Polariton Condensates
- Observation of a partially rotating superfluid of exciton-polariton
- Vortex bound states in dimerized -flux optical lattices: characterization, state preparation and current measurement