Janus II: a new generation application-driven computer for spin-system simulations

Abstract

This paper describes the architecture, the development and the implementation of Janus II, a new generation application-driven number cruncher optimized for Monte Carlo simulations of spin systems (mainly spin glasses). This domain of computational physics is a recognized grand challenge of high-performance computing: the resources necessary to study in detail theoretical models that can make contact with experimental data are by far beyond those available using commodity computer systems. On the other hand, several specific features of the associated algorithms suggest that unconventional computer architectures, which can be implemented with available electronics technologies, may lead to order of magnitude increases in performance, reducing to acceptable values on human scales the time needed to carry out simulation campaigns that would take centuries on commercially available machines. Janus II is one such machine, recently developed and commissioned, that builds upon and improves on the successful JANUS machine, which has been used for physics since 2008 and is still in operation today. This paper describes in detail the motivations behind the project, the computational requirements, the architecture and the implementation of this new machine and compares its expected performances with those of currently available commercial systems.

28 pages, 6 figures

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• Absence of an Almeida-Thouless line in Three-Dimensional Spin Glasses
• The critical behavior of three-dimensional Ising spin glass models
• An in-depth view of the microscopic dynamics of Ising spin glasses at fixed temperature
• Nonequilibrium spin glass dynamics from picoseconds to 0.1 seconds
• Behavior of Ising Spin Glasses in a Magnetic Field
• Thermodynamic glass transition in a spin glass without time-reversal symmetry
• Simulating spin systems on IANUS, an FPGA-based computer
• Temperature chaos in 3D Ising Spin Glasses is driven by rare events
• Dynamical transition in the D = 3 Edwards-Anderson spin glass in an external magnetic field
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• Quantitative Evaluation of Hardware Binary Stochastic Neurons
• A statics-dynamics equivalence through the fluctuation-dissipation ratio provides a window into the spin-glass phase from nonequilibrium measurements
• Speedups in nonequilibrium thermal relaxation: Mpemba and related effects
• The Quantum Transition of the Two-Dimensional Ising Spin Glass: A Tale of Two Gaps
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• Memory and rejuvenation in spin glasses: aging systems are ruled by more than one length scale
• Temperature chaos is present in off-equilibrium spin-glass dynamics
• A Performance Study of the 2D Ising Model on GPUs
• On the Slowing Down of Spin Glass Correlation Length Growth:simulations meet experiments
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• Support for the value 5/2 for the spin glass lower critical dimension at zero magnetic field
• Highly optimized simulations on single- and multi-GPU systems of 3D Ising spin glass
• Spin-glass dynamics in the presence of a magnetic field: exploration of microscopic properties
• Dimensional crossover in the aging dynamics of spin glasses in a film geometry
• An experiment-oriented analysis of 2D spin-glass dynamics: a twelve time-decades scaling study
• Pushing the Boundary of Quantum Advantage in Hard Combinatorial Optimization with Probabilistic Computers
• The QISG suite: high-performance codes for studying Quantum Ising Spin Glasses
• Accurate Sampling with Noisy Forces from Approximate Computing
• Spin-glass dynamics: experiment, theory and simulation
• On the superposition principle and non-linear response in spin glasses
• Multifractality in spin glasses
• Quantifying memory in spin glasses
• Solving Spin Glasses with Optimized Trees of Clustered Spins
• General Oscillator-Based Ising Machine Models with Phase-Amplitude Dynamics and Polynomial Interactions
• Massively parallel simulations for disordered systems
• Numerical study of barriers and valleys in the free-energy landscape of spin glasses
• Massive-Scale Simulations of 2D Ising and Blume-Capel Models on Rack-Scale Multi-GPU Systems
• Jump Events in a 3D Edwards-Anderson Spin Glass
• Order parameter for non-mean-field spin glasses
• Deepening the knowledge of Spin Glasses: Metastate, Off-equilibrium phenomena and Temperature Chaos