The formation of IRIS diagnostics I. A quintessential model atom of Mg II and general formation properties of the Mg II h&k lines
arXiv:1306.0668 · doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/89
Abstract
NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) space mission will study how the solar atmosphere is energized. IRIS contains an imaging spectrograph that covers the Mg II h&k lines as well as a slit-jaw imager centered at Mg II k. Understanding the observations will require forward modeling of Mg II h&k line formation from 3D radiation-MHD models. This paper is the first in a series where we undertake this forward modeling. We discuss the atomic physics pertinent to h&k line formation, present a quintessential model atom that can be used in radiative transfer computations and discuss the effect of partial redistribution (PRD) and 3D radiative transfer on the emergent line profiles. We conclude that Mg II h&k can be modeled accurately with a 4-level plus continuum Mg II model atom. Ideally radiative transfer computations should be done in 3D including PRD effects. In practice this is currently not possible. A reasonable compromise is to use 1D PRD computations to model the line profile up to and including the central emission peaks, and use 3D transfer assuming complete redistribution to model the central depression.
13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for ApJ
References in corpus (2)
Cited by in corpus (113)
- The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)
- The formation of IRIS diagnostics II. The formation of the Mg II h&k lines in the solar atmosphere
- A publicly available simulation of an enhanced network region of the Sun
- STiC -- A multi-atom non-LTE PRD inversion code for full-Stokes solar observations
- An Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph first view on Solar Spicules
- Solar science with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array - A new view of our Sun
- On the prevalence of small-scale twist in the solar chromosphere and transition region
- The formation of IRIS diagnostics. III. Near-ultraviolet Spectra and Images
- Bombs and flares at the surface and lower atmosphere of the Sun
- Ellerman bombs at high resolution III. Simultaneous observations with IRIS and SST
- RH 1.5D: a massively parallel code for multi-level radiative transfer with partial frequency redistribution and Zeeman polarisation
- The Formation of IRIS diagnostics. IV. The Mg II triplet lines as a new diagnostic for lower chromospheric heating
- The Atmospheric Response to High Nonthermal Electron Beam Fluxes in Solar Flares I: Modeling the Brightest NUV Footpoints in the X1 Solar Flare of 2014 March 29
- Simulations of the Mg II k and Ca II 8542 lines from an Alfvén Wave-heated flare chromosphere
- Why Is Non-thermal Line Broadening of Spectral Lines in The Lower Transition Region of the Sun Independent of Spatial Resolution?
- On fibrils and field lines: The nature of H fibrils in the solar chromosphere
- Data-driven Radiative Hydrodynamic Modeling of the 2014 March 29 X1.0 Solar Flare
- Three-dimensional modeling of the Ca II H&K lines in the solar atmosphere
- H-alpha features with hot onsets. I. Ellerman bombs
- Identifying typical Mg II flare spectra using machine learning
- Recovering Thermodynamics from Spectral Profiles observed by IRIS: A Machine and Deep Learning Approach
- What do iris observations of Mg II k tell us about the solar plage chromosphere?
- The formation of IRIS diagnostics V. A quintessential model atom of C II and general formation properties of the C II lines at 133.5 nm
- Investigating the response of loop plasma to nanoflare heating using RADYN simulations
- Si IV Resonance Line Emission During Solar Flares: Non-LTE, Non-equilibrium, Radiation Transfer Simulations
- Imaging and Spectroscopic Diagnostics on the Formation of Two Magnetic Flux Ropes Revealed by SDO/AIA and IRIS
- Transverse Wave Induced Kelvin-Helmholtz Rolls in Spicules
- Millimeter radiation from a 3D model of the solar atmosphere I. Diagnosing chromospheric thermal structure
- IRIS Observations of the Mg II h & k Lines During a Solar Flare
- Partial redistribution in 3D non-LTE radiative transfer in solar atmosphere models
- Ion-neutral interactions and non-equilibrium ionization in the solar chromosphere
- Explosive events on sub-arcsecond scale in IRIS observations: a case study
- The formation of IRIS diagnostics VI. The Diagnostic Potential of the C II Lines at 133.5 nm in the Solar Atmosphere
- Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse
- Internetwork chromospheric bright grains observed with IRIS
- A parameter study for modeling MgII h and k emission during solar flares
- Three-dimensional modeling of chromospheric spectral lines in a simulated active region
- The Formation of IRIS Diagnostics. VII. The Formation of the OI 135.56 nm Line in the Solar Atmosphere
- Dissecting bombs and bursts: non-LTE inversions of low-atmosphere reconnection in SST and IRIS observations
- Modeling Mg II h, k and Triplet Lines at Solar Flare Ribbons
- The Role of Partial Ionization Effects in the Chromosphere
- A First Comparison of Millimeter Continuum and Mg II Ultraviolet Line Emission from the Solar Chromosphere
- Observed Variability of the Solar Mg II h Spectral Line
- A Two-ribbon White-light Flare Associated with a Failed Solar Eruption Observed by ONSET, SDO, and IRIS
- Casting the Coronal Magnetic Field Reconstruction Tools in 3D Using MHD Bifrost Model
- Temperature constraints from inversions of synthetic solar optical, UV and radio spectra
- The solar chromosphere at millimetre and ultraviolet wavelengths. I. Radiation temperatures and a detailed comparison
- Hinode and IRIS observations of the magnetohydrodynamic waves propagating from the photosphere to the chromosphere in a sunspot
- Millimeter radiation from a 3D model of the solar atmosphere II. Chromospheric magnetic field
- Chromospheric heating due to cancellation of quiet Sun internetwork fields
- Mg II Lines Observed during the X-class Flare on 29 March 2014 by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
- First High-resolution Spectroscopic Observations of an Erupting Prominence Within a Coronal Mass Ejection by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)
- Helical motions of fine-structure prominence threads observed by Hinode and IRIS
- HAZMAT. VII. The Evolution of Ultraviolet Emission with Age and Rotation for Early M Dwarf Stars
- Modelling Mg II During Solar Flares. I. Partial Frequency Redistribution, Opacity, and Coronal Irradiation
- Solar Flare Ribbon Fronts I: Constraining flare energy deposition with IRIS spectroscopy
- Semi-empirical model atmospheres for the chromosphere of the sunspot penumbra and umbral flashes
- The effects of three-dimensional radiative transfer on the resonance polarization of the Ca I 4227 line
- Spectroscopic and Stereoscopic Observations of the Solar Jets
- Emission of solar chromospheric and transition region features related to the underlying magnetic field
- Identifying preflare spectral features using explainable artificial intelligence
- Multi thermal atmosphere of a mini solar flare during magnetic reconnection observed with IRIS
- Exploring mutual information between IRIS spectral lines. I. Correlations between spectral lines during solar flares and within the quiet Sun
- The Formation Height of Millimeter-wavelength Emission in the Solar Chromosphere
- Efficient Calculation of Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Effects in Multithreaded Hydrodynamic Simulations of Solar Flares
- The correlation of synthetic UV color vs Mg II index along the solar cycle
- Modeling Mg II during Solar Flares. II. Non-equilibrium Effects
- Force-Free Field Reconstructions Enhanced by Chromospheric Magnetic Field Data
- Hubble Space Telescope Constraints on the Winds and Astrospheres of Red Giant Stars
- High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere, chromosphere and transition region. A database of coordinated IRIS and SST observations
- Modelling of Mg II lines in solar prominences
- Signatures of magnetic reconnection at the footpoints of fan shape jets on a light bridge driven by photospheric convective motions
- Diagnostic capabilities of spectropolarimetric observations for understanding solar phenomena I. Zeeman-sensitive photospheric lines
- 1.5D NLTE spectral synthesis of a 3D filament/prominence simulation
- On the formation of solar wind & switchbacks, and quiet Sun heating
- Spectro-imagery of an active tornado-like prominence: formation and evolution
- Mg ii h&k spectra of an enhanced network region simulated with the MURaM-ChE code. Results using 1.5D synthesis
- The Formation of IRIS Diagnostics. IX. The Formation of the C I 135.58 Line in the Solar Atmosphere
- How faculae and network relate to sunspots, and the implications for solar and stellar brightness variations
- Formal Solutions for Polarized Radiative Transfer. IV. Numerical Performances in Practical Problems
- Numerical non-LTE 3D radiative transfer using a multigrid method
- First high-resolution images of the Sun in the 2796 Å Mg II k line
- The transfer of polarized radiation in resonance lines with partial frequency redistribution, J-state interference, and arbitrary magnetic fields. A radiative transfer code and useful approximations
- Exploring mutual information between IRIS spectral lines. II. Calculating the most probable response in all spectral windows
- Comparing UV/EUV line parameters and magnetic field in a quiescent prominence with tornadoes
- Chromospheric Heating from Local Magnetic Growth and Ambipolar Diffusion Under Non-Equilibrium Conditions
- From Chromospheric Evaporation to Coronal Rain: An Investigation of the Mass and Energy Cycle of a Flare
- Modelling the connection between propagating disturbances and solar spicules
- Small-scale magnetic flux emergence preceding a chain of energetic solar atmospheric events
- Far beyond the Sun: II. Probing the stellar magnetism of the young Sun ι Horologii from the photosphere to its corona
- The dynamic chromosphere: pushing the boundaries of observations and models
- Doppler shift oscillations of a sunspot detected by CYRA and IRIS
- Shape-based clustering of synthetic Stokes profiles using k-means and k-Shape
- Chromospheric emission from nanoflare heating in RADYN simulations
- An approximate recipe of chromospheric radiative losses for solar flares
- Structure of sunspot light bridges in the chromosphere and transition region
- Effects of spectral resolution on simple magnetic field diagnostics of the Mg II h & k lines
- Comparison of Solar Fine Structure Observed Simultaneously in Ly-α and Mg II h
- A multi-diagnostic spectral analysis of penumbral microjets
- Undercover EUV Solar Jets Observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
- Using Multiple Instance Learning for Explainable Solar Flare Prediction
- Formation of the Mg II h and k polarization profiles in a solar plage model and their suitability to infer magnetic fields
- Dynamics of Explosive Events by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
- Temperature diagnostics of chromospheric fibrils
- Spicules in IRIS Mg II Observations: Automated Identification
- Magnetic field diagnostics of prominences with the Mg II k line: 3D Stokes inversions versus traditional methods
- Recovering thermodynamics from spectral profiles observed by IRIS (II): improved calculation of the uncertainties based on Monte Carlo experiments
- A new view of the solar interface region from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)
- On the formation of Lyman and the O I 1027 and 1028 Å spectral lines
- Evolution of the Ratio of Mg II Intensities During Solar Flares
- Accelerated particle beams in a 3D simulation of the quiet Sun. Lower atmospheric spectral diagnostics
- The effect of horizontal plasma inhomogeneities in 3D NLTE radiation transfer in stellar atmospheres
- Revisiting the Spectral Features of Ellerman Bombs and UV Bursts. I. Radiative Hydrodynamic Simulations