In Search of Colloidal Hard Spheres
arXiv:1205.6665 · doi:10.1039/c2sm26245b
Abstract
We recently reviewed the experimental determination of the volume fraction, , of hard-sphere colloids, and concluded that the absolute value of was unlikely to be known to better than -6%. Here, in a second part to that review, we survey effects due to softness in the interparticle potential, which necessitates the use of an {\em effective} volume fraction. We review current experimental systems, and conclude that the one that most closely approximates hard spheres remains polymethylmethacrylate spheres sterically stabilised by polyhydroxystearic acid `hairs'. For these particles their effective hard sphere diameter is around 1-10% larger than the core diameter, depending on the particle size. We argue that for larger colloids suitable for confocal microscopy, the effect of electrostatic charge cannot be neglected, so that mapping to hard spheres must be treated with caution.
11 pages
References in corpus (12)
- Dynamical Arrest in Attractive Colloids: The Effect of Long-Range Repulsion
- Crystallization of hard-sphere glasses
- On measuring colloidal volume fractions
- Viscoelasticity and shear flow of concentrated, non-crystallizing colloidal suspensions: Comparison with Mode-Coupling Theory
- Counterion Penetration and Effective Electrostatic Interactions in Solutions of Polyelectrolyte Stars and Microgels
- Understanding depletion forces beyond entropy
- A simple approach for charge renormalization of highly charged macro-ions
- Re-entrant melting and freezing in a model system of charged colloids
- Effective potentials for polymers and colloids: Beyond the van der Waals picture of fluids?
- Star-Like Micelles with Star-Like Interactions: A quantitative Evaluation of Structure Factor and Phase Diagram
- Mapping the glassy dynamics of soft spheres onto hard-sphere behavior
- Local structure and dynamics in colloidal fluids and gels
Cited by in corpus (75)
- Yield Stress Materials in Soft Condensed Matter
- The role of local structure in dynamical arrest
- Discontinuous Shear Thickening in Brownian Suspensions By Dynamic Simulation
- Entropically Patchy Particles: Engineering Valence through Shape Entropy
- Multiple Excitation of Confined Graphene Plasmons by Single Free Electrons
- Anomalous dynamics of intruders in a crowded environment of mobile obstacles
- Timescales in creep and yielding of attractive gels
- Disentangling glass and jamming physics in the rheology of soft materials
- Crystallization kinetics of colloidal model suspensions: recent achievements and new perspectives
- Colloidal Hard Spheres: Triumphs, Challenges and Mysteries
- Crystallization seeds favour crystallization only during initial growth
- An introduction to the colloidal glass transition
- Observation of liquid glass in suspensions of ellipsoidal colloids
- Long-lived neighbors determine the rheological response of glasses
- Strong geometric frustration in model glassformers
- Finite size effects on liquid-solid phase coexistence and the estimation of crystal nucleation barriers
- Non-classical pathways of crystallization in colloidal systems
- Experimental studies of crystal nucleation: metals and colloids
- Experimental Evidence for a Structural-Dynamical Transition in Trajectory Space
- Real Space Analysis of Colloidal Gels: Triumphs, Challenges and Future Directions
- A multi-axis confocal rheoscope for studying shear flow of structured fluids
- Glassy dynamics in asymmetric binary mixtures of hard-spheres
- The role of weak charging in metastable colloidal clusters
- The interplay of sedimentation and crystallization in hard-sphere suspensions
- Direct Measurement of the Free Energy of Aging Hard-Sphere Colloidal Glasses
- Linking particle dynamics to local connectivity in colloidal gels
- Linear and nonlinear rheology of dense emulsions: Identifying the glass and jamming regimes
- Direct Observation in 3d of Structural Crossover in Binary Hard Sphere Mixtures
- Coupling between criticality and gelation in "sticky" spheres: A structural analysis
- Observation of strongly heterogeneous dynamics at the depinning transition in a colloidal glass
- Crystallization of hard spheres revisited. I. Extracting kinetics and free energy landscape from forward flux sampling
- Dilatancy in dense suspensions of model hard-sphere-like colloids under shear and extensional flow
- Self Assembled Clusters of Spheres Related to Spherical Codes
- Free Energy Barriers for Crystal Nucleation from Fluid Phases
- Yield-stress transition in suspensions of deformable droplets
- Glass and Jamming Rheology in Soft Particles Made of PNIPAM and Polyacrylic Acid
- Volume fraction determination of microgel composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of PNIPAM and polyacrylic acid
- Crystal nuclei in melts: A Monte Carlo simulation of a model for attractive colloids
- Hard sphere crystal nucleation rates: Reconciliation of simulation and experiment
- Direct Imaging of Contacts and Forces in Colloidal Gels
- Different scenarios of dynamic coupling in glassy colloidal mixtures
- Correlation between crystalline order and vitrification in colloidal monolayers
- The glass transition in molecules, colloids and grains: universality and specificity
- Flexible confinement leads to multiple relaxation regimes in glassy colloidal liquids
- Local elastic response measured near the colloidal glass transition
- Coupling of sedimentation and liquid structure: influence on hard sphere nucleation
- Low-density crystals in charged colloids : Comparison with Yukawa theory
- Computation of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy in hard spheres by means of thermodynamic integration
- Dynamic Phases, Clustering, and Lane Formation for Driven Disk Systems in the Presence of Quenched Disorder
- To make a glass - avoid the crystal
- Pattern formation in binary fluid mixtures induced by short-range competing interactions
- Emergent Inter-particle Interactions in Thermal Amorphous Solids
- Fragile-to-Strong Crossover, growing length scales, and dynamic heterogeneity in Wigner Glasses
- Long-Lived Non-Equilibrium Interstitial-Solid-Solutions in Binary Mixtures
- Equilibrium Fluid-Crystal Interfacial Free Energy of Bcc-Crystallizing Aqueous Suspensions of Polydisperse Charged Spheres
- Self-assembly and entropic effects in pear-shaped colloid systems: I. Shape sensitivity of bilayer phases in colloidal pear-shaped particle systems
- Elastic deformations of loaded core-shell systems
- Sedimentation path theory for mass-polydisperse colloidal systems
- Relating Microstructure and Particle-level Stress in Colloidal Crystals Under Increased Confinement
- Fresh Cement as a Frictional Non-Brownian Suspension
- Crystal Nucleation of Highly-Screened Charged Colloids
- Phases of granular matter
- A Well Defined Glass State Obtained by Oscillatory Shear
- Surface melting and crystallisation driven by sedimentation: a particle resolved study
- Characterization and Optimization of Fluorescent Organosilica Colloids for 3D Confocal Microscopy Prepared Under 'Zero-Flow'
- Cavity averages for hard spheres in the presence of polydispersity and incomplete data
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Binary Sphere Mixtures
- Understanding Dynamics in Coarse-Grained Models: V. Extension of Coarse-Grained Dynamics Theory to Non-Hard Sphere Systems
- Symmetry breaking of dipole orientations on Caspar-Klug lattices
- Aging of colloidal gels in microgravity
- Generalization of Clausius-Mossotti approximation in application to short-time transport properties of suspensions
- Density-functional theory for clustering of two-dimensional hard particle fluids
- Tuning Stoichiometry to Promote Formation of Binary Colloidal Superlattices
- Unifying atoms and colloids near the glass transition through bond-order topology
- Critical point for de-mixing of binary hard spheres