Null Values and Quantum State Discrimination
arXiv:1205.3877 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.170405
Abstract
We present a measurement protocol for discriminating between two different quantum states of a qubit with high fidelity. The protocol, called null value, is comprised of a projective measurement performed on the system with a small probability (also known as partial-collapse), followed by a tuned postselection. We report on an optical experimental implementation of the scheme. We show that our protocol leads to an amplified signal-to-noise ratio (as compared with a straightforward strong measurement) when discerning between the two quantum states.
11 pages, 6 figures, 5 appendices
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