The T2K Fine-Grained Detectors

Abstract

T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment searching for ${\nu }_e$ appearance in a ${\nu }_{\mu }$ beam. The beam is produced at the J-PARC accelerator complex in Tokai, Japan, and the neutrinos are detected by the Super-Kamiokande detector located 295 km away in Kamioka. A suite of near detectors (ND280) located 280 m downstream of the production target is used to characterize the components of the beam before they have had a chance to oscillate and to better understand various neutrino interactions on several nuclei. This paper describes the design and construction of two massive fine-grained detectors (FGDs) that serve as active targets in the ND280 tracker. One FGD is composed solely of scintillator bars while the other is partly scintillator and partly water. Each element of the FGDs is described, including the wavelength shifting fiber and Multi-Pixel Photon Counter used to collect the light signals, the readout electronics, and the calibration system. Initial tests and {\normalsize\em in situ} results of the FGDs' performance are also presented.

References in corpus (7)

• The T2K Experiment
• Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation by the K2K Experiment
• First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Charged Current Quasielastic Double Differential Cross Section
• A study of quasi-elastic muon neutrino and antineutrino scattering in the NOMAD experiment
• Characterization and Simulation of the Response of Multi Pixel Photon Counters to Low Light Levels
• Application of Hamamatsu MPPC to T2K Neutrino Detectors
• Performance of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters for the T2K near detectors

Cited by in corpus (73)

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• The T2K Neutrino Flux Prediction
• Evidence of Electron Neutrino Appearance in a Muon Neutrino Beam
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• Measurement of the Inclusive NuMu Charged Current Cross Section on Carbon in the Near Detector of the T2K Experiment
• Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters from Muon Neutrino Disappearance with an Off-axis Beam
• Explaining $(g-2{)}_{\mu ,e}$, the KOTO anomaly and the MiniBooNE excess in an extended Higgs model with sterile neutrinos
• The Electromagnetic Calorimeter for the T2K Near Detector ND280
• T2K ND280 Upgrade -- Technical Design Report
• The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment
• Silicon Photomultipliers in Particle and Nuclear Physics
• Neutrino Oscillation Physics Potential of the T2K Experiment
• Measurement of the Inclusive Electron Neutrino Charged Current Cross Section on Carbon with the T2K Near Detector
• Simultaneous measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current cross section on oxygen and carbon without pions in the final state at T2K
• Measurement of the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ CCQE cross section on carbon with the ND280 detector at T2K
• Reconstruction of Energy Spectra of Neutrino Beams Independent of Nuclear Effects
• The SuperFGD Prototype Charged Particle Beam Tests
• First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Charged Current Single Pion Production Cross Section on Water with the T2K Near Detector
• Measurement of the inclusive ${\nu }_{\mu }$ charged current cross section on iron and hydrocarbon in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam
• Systematic uncertainties in long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments
• Measurement of the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ charged current quasi-elastic cross-section on carbon with the T2K on-axis neutrino beam
• Measurement of the intrinsic electron neutrino component in the T2K neutrino beam with the ND280 detector
• Updated T2K measurements of muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance using 1.5e21 protons on target
• Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Oscillations with an Accelerator-Produced Off-Axis Beam
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• First combined measurement of the muon neutrino and antineutrino charged-current cross section without pions in the final state at T2K
• First measurement of the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ charged-current cross section without pions in the final state on a water target
• Measurement of coherent ${\pi }^{+}$ production in low energy neutrino-Carbon scattering
• Measurement of neutrino and antineutrino neutral-current quasielastic-like interactions on oxygen by detecting nuclear de-excitation $\gamma$-rays
• First T2K measurement of transverse kinematic imbalance in the muon-neutrino charged-current single-${\pi }^{+}$ production channel containing at least one proton
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• A 4pi time-of-flight detector for the ND280/T2K upgrade
• Model Independent Bounds on the Non-Oscillatory Explanations of the MiniBooNE Excess
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• Measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current single ${\pi }^{+}$ production on hydrocarbon using the T2K off-axis near detector ND280
• Inclusive and exclusive neutrino-nucleus cross sections and the reconstruction of the interaction kinematics
• Sensitivity of the Upgraded T2K Near Detector to constrain neutrino and anti-neutrino interactions with no mesons in the final state by exploiting nucleon-lepton correlations
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• Measurement of ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{ABS}}$ and ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{CX}}$ of ${\pi }^{+}$ on carbon by DUET
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• Measurement of the charged-current electron (anti-)neutrino inclusive cross-sections at the T2K off-axis near detector ND280
• Total Neutron Cross-section Measurement on CH with a Novel 3D-projection Scintillator Detector
• First measurement of muon neutrino charged-current interactions on hydrocarbon without pions in the final state using multiple detectors with correlated energy spectra at T2K
• T2K measurements of muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance using $3.13\times 10^{21}$ protons on target
• Quasi-elastic neutrino charged-current scattering off ${}^{12}$C: effects of the meson exchange currents and large nucleon axial mass
• Analysis of test beam data taken with a prototype of TPC with resistive Micromegas for the T2K Near Detector upgrade
• Measurement of absorption and charge exchange of ${\pi }^{+}$ on carbon
• Measurement of the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ charged-current cross sections on water, hydrocarbon, iron, and their ratios with the T2K on-axis detectors
• Measurements of ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }+{\nu }_{\mu }$ charged-current cross-sections without detected pions nor protons on water and hydrocarbon at mean antineutrino energy of 0.86 GeV
• Demonstrating a single-block 3D-segmented plastic-scintillator detector
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• Measurement of the single ${\pi }^0$ production rate in neutral current neutrino interactions on water
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• Introducing a Markov Chain-Based Time Calibration Procedure for Multi-Channel Particle Detectors: Application to the SuperFGD and ToF Detectors of the T2K Experiment
• Precision Light Yield and Crosstalk Characterization for the SuperFGD scintillator cubes
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• First muon anti-neutrino disappearance oscillation results from T2K