Guaranteed violation of a Bell inequality without aligned reference frames or calibrated devices

Abstract

Bell tests---the experimental demonstration of a Bell inequality violation---are central to understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics, underpin quantum technologies, and are a powerful diagnostic tool for technological developments in these areas. To date, Bell tests have relied on careful calibration of the measurement devices and alignment of a shared reference frame between the two parties---both technically demanding tasks in general. Surprisingly, we show that neither of these operations are necessary, violating Bell inequalities with near certainty with (i) unaligned, but calibrated, measurement devices, and (ii) uncalibrated and unaligned devices. We demonstrate generic quantum nonlocality with randomly chosen local measurements on a singlet state of two photons implemented with reconfigurable integrated optical waveguide circuits based on voltage-controlled phase shifters. The observed results demonstrate the robustness of our schemes to imperfections and statistical noise. This new approach is likely to have important applications in both fundamental science and in quantum technologies, including device independent quantum key distribution.

7 pages, 7 figures

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• Natural Framework for Device-Independent Quantification of Quantum Steerability, Measurement Incompatibility, and Self-Testing
• Testing foundations of quantum mechanics with photons
• Genuine tripartite nonlocality and entanglement in curved spacetime
• An Efficient Integrated Two-Color Source for Heralded Single Photons
• Exploration quantum steering, nonlocality and entanglement of two-qubit X-state in structured reservoirs
• Characterizing multipartite entanglement with moments of random correlations
• Characterizing multipartite entanglement without shared reference frames
• Quantum entanglement from random measurements
• Bound entanglement from randomized measurements
• Multipartite Entanglement Analysis From Random Correlations
• Experimental bilocality violation without shared reference frames
• Characterizing entanglement dimensionality from randomized measurements
• Testing nonlocality of a single photon without a shared reference frame
• Multipartite nonlocality and random measurements
• Analysing quantum systems with randomised measurements
• Experimentally Violating Bell Inequalities Without Complete Reference Frames
• Towards an equivalence between maximal entanglement and maximal quantum nonlocality
• Communication between inertial observers with partially correlated reference frames
• Statistically significant tests of multiparticle quantum correlations based on randomized measurements
• Probing the geometry of correlation matrices with randomized measurements
• Quantum steering with vector vortex photon states with the detection loophole closed
• Device-dependent and device-independent quantum key distribution without a shared reference frame
• Detecting Entanglement of Unknown Quantum States with Random Measurements
• Maximal Violation of a Broad Class of Bell Inequalities and Its Implications on Self-Testing
• Demonstrating genuine multipartite entanglement and nonseparability without shared reference frames
• Reference frame independent Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering
• Device-Independent Bounds on Detection Efficiency
• A Moment for Random Measurements
• Device-independent certification of multipartite entanglement using measurements performed in randomly chosen triads
• Experimentally friendly approach towards nonlocal correlations in multisetting N -partite Bell scenarios
• Bloch sphere colourings and Bell inequalities
• Bell inequality violations with random mutually unbiased bases
• Random constructions in Bell inequalities: A survey
• Quantifying multiparticle entanglement with randomized measurements
• Asynchronous reference frame agreement in a quantum network
• Optimisation of Bell inequalities with invariant Tsirelson bound
• Bell tests with random measurements require very high detection efficiencies
• GHZ states as near-optimal states for reference frame alignment
• Semi-device-independent randomness certification on discretized continuous-variable platforms
• How Likely Are You to Observe Non-locality with Imperfect Detection Efficiency and Random Measurement Settings?