First Results from a 1.3 cm EVLA Survey of Massive Protostellar Objects: G35.03+0.35

Abstract

We have performed a 1.3 centimeter survey of 24 massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) using the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA). The sources in the sample exhibit a broad range of massive star formation signposts including Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs), UCHII regions, and extended 4.5 micron emission in the form of Extended Green Objects (EGOs). In this work, we present results for G35.03+0.35 which exhibits all of these phenomena. We simultaneously image the 1.3 cm ammonia (1,1) through (6,6) inversion lines, four methanol transitions, two H recombination lines, plus continuum at 0.05 pc resolution. We find three areas of thermal ammonia emission, two within the EGO (designated the NE and SW cores) and one toward an adjacent IRDC. The NE core contains an UCHII region (CM1) and a candidate HCHII region (CM2). A region of non-thermal, likely masing ammonia (3,3) and (6,6) emission is coincident with an arc of 44 GHz methanol masers. We also detect two new 25 GHz Class I methanol masers. A complementary Submillimeter Array 1.3 mm continuum image shows that the distribution of dust emission is similar to the lower-lying ammonia lines, all peaking to the NW of CM2, indicating the likely presence of an additional MYSO in this protocluster. By modeling the ammonia and 1.3 mm continuum data, we obtain gas temperatures of 20-220 K and masses of 20-130 solar. The diversity of continuum emission properties and gas temperatures suggest that objects in a range of evolutionary states exist concurrently in this protocluster.

To appear in Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue on the EVLA. 16 pages, 3 figures. Includes the complete version of Figure 3, which was unable to fit into the journal article due to the number of panels

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• A Water Maser and Ammonia Survey of GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects (EGOs)
• Radiation Transfer of Models of Massive Star Formation. III. The Evolutionary Sequence
• The Massive Protostellar Cluster NGC6334I at 220 AU Resolution: Discovery of Further Multiplicity, Diversity and a Hot Multi-Core
• The Onset of Massive Star Formation: The Evolution of Temperature and Density Structure in an Infrared Dark Cloud
• G11.92-0.61-MM2: A Bonafide Massive Prestellar Core?
• The Protocluster G18.67+0.03: A Test Case for Class I Methanol Masers as Evolutionary Indicators for Massive Star Formation
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• Chemical modeling of Infrared Dark Clouds: the Role of Surface Chemistry
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• ATLASGAL - Ammonia observations towards the southern Galactic Plane
• ALMA observations of the Extended Green Object G19.01$-$0.03: I. A Keplerian disc in a massive protostellar system
• VLA Survey of Dense Gas in Extended Green Objects: Prevalence of 25 GHz Methanol Masers
• Kinematic and Thermal Structure at the onset of high-mass star formation
• Molecular line search toward the flaring 6.7-GHz methanol masers of G24.33+0.13 and G359.6-0.243: rare maser transitions detected
• The Interaction Between the Supernova Remnant W41 and the Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G23.33-0.30
• Multiwavelength investigation of extended green object G19.88-0.53: Revealing a protocluster
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• Observations of multiple NH${}_3$ transitions in W33
• Discovery of ammonia (9,6) masers in two high-mass star-forming regions
• A Molecular Line Investigation of the Interaction between Mid-infrared Bubbles and the Interstellar Medium
• Discovery of widespread non-metastable ammonia masers in the Milky Way
• Masers in star forming regions