Time-dependent AdS/CFT correspondence and the Quark-Gluon plasma
arXiv:1102.0725 · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.04.151
Abstract
Experiments on high-energy heavy-ion collisions reveal the formation and some intriguing properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a new phase of matter predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory of strong interactions. The phenomenological success of relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with remarkably weak shear viscosity, modeling QGP as an almost perfect fluid, are in favor of the occurrence of a strongly-coupled QGP expanding and cooling during the reaction. A derivation of these features in QCD at strong coupling is still lacking and represents a very intricate theoretical challenge. As a quite unique modern tool to relate these dynamical features to a microscopic gauge field theory at strong coupling, time-dependent realizations of the AdS/CFT correspondence provide a fruitful way to study these properties in a realistic kinematic configuration. Relating a 4-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge theory with four supersymmetries (which is a conformal field theory, CFT) with gravity in Anti-de Sitter space in five dimensions (AdS), the AdS/CFT correspondence provides a useful "laboratory" to study yet unknown strong coupling properties of QCD. Besides the interest of revealing new aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence in a dynamical set-up, the application to plasma formation leads to non trivial theoretical properties, as we will discuss in the lectures. The highlights of the present lectures are: 1. Emergence of an (almost) perfect hydrodynamic fluid at late proper-times after the collision. 2. Duality between an expanding 4-dimensional plasma and a black hole moving radially in the bulk. 3. Intimate link between conformal hydrodynamics and Einstein's equations in the asymptotically AdS space. 4. Possibility of studying the far-from-equilibrium stage of a gauge field theory at early collisional proper-times.
27 pages, 8 figures, based on the lectures given by R.P. at the 2010 Cargese Summer School (June 21-July 3), to appear in the proceedings. References added and corrected relaxation time eq. (56)
References in corpus (64)
- Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory
- Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration
- Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
- A Stress Tensor for Anti-de Sitter Gravity
- Holographic Reconstruction of Spacetime and Renormalization in the AdS/CFT Correspondence
- Shear viscosity of strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
- Lecture Notes on Holographic Renormalization
- Nonlinear Fluid Dynamics from Gravity
- The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
- Quasinormal Modes of AdS Black Holes and the Approach to Thermal Equilibrium
- Conformal Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
- Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography
- What RHIC Experiments and Theory tell us about Properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma ?
- Bottom-up thermalization in heavy ion collisions
- Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature
- Viscosity, Black Holes, and Quantum Field Theory
- Universality of the hydrodynamic limit in AdS/CFT and the membrane paradigm
- Horizon formation and far-from-equilibrium isotropization in supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
- Mass, Entropy and Holography in Asymptotically de Sitter Spaces
- Holography and colliding gravitational shock waves in asymptotically AdS_5 spacetime
- Thermalization of Strongly Coupled Field Theories
- Saturation of Elliptic Flow and the Transport Opacity of the Gluon Plasma at RHIC
- Thermodynamics of the QCD plasma and the large-N limit
- Hydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
- Asymptotic perfect fluid dynamics as a consequence of AdS/CFT
- Wave Propagation in Gravitational Systems: Late Time Behavior
- Boost invariant flow, black hole formation, and far-from-equilibrium dynamics in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
- Quasinormal Modes of Near Extremal Black Branes
- Stress Tensors and Casimir Energies in the AdS/CFT Correspondence
- Apparent Thermalization due to Plasma Instabilities in Quark-Gluon Plasma
- Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions
- Holographic Hydrodynamics with a Chemical Potential
- Entropy production in collisions of gravitational shock waves and of heavy ions
- Gauge/gravity duality and thermalization of a boost-invariant perfect fluid
- On the collision of two shock waves in AdS5
- Viscous plasma evolution from gravity using AdS/CFT
- Viscous hydrodynamics relaxation time from AdS/CFT
- Thermalization at RHIC
- High energy scattering and the AdS/CFT correspondence
- A Gravity Dual of RHIC Collisions
- Expanding plasmas and quasinormal modes of anti-de Sitter black holes
- Grazing Collisions of Gravitational Shock Waves and Entropy Production in Heavy Ion Collision
- Boost-invariant early time dynamics from AdS/CFT
- Scale anomalies imply violation of the averaged null energy condition
- Off-center collisions in AdS_5 with applications to multiplicity estimates in heavy-ion collisions
- Early Time Dynamics in Heavy Ion Collisions from AdS/CFT Correspondence
- Critical formation of trapped surfaces in the collision of gravitational shock waves
- Asymmetric Collision of Two Shock Waves in AdS_5
- Modeling Heavy Ion Collisions in AdS/CFT
- On the supergravity description of boost invariant conformal plasma at strong coupling
- Unified description of Bjorken and Landau 1+1 hydrodynamics
- A Holographic Dual of Bjorken Flow
- Hydrodynamics and Flow
- Consistent holographic description of boost-invariant plasma
- Toward Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions at Strong Coupling
- High energy QCD from Planckian scattering in AdS and the Froissart bound
- The dynamics of quark-gluon plasma and AdS/CFT
- Can Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions be Described by QCD Diagrams?
- Shock waves from heavy-quark mesons in AdS/CFT
- Rapid Thermalization by Baryon Injection in Gauge/Gravity Duality
- Consistent Anti-de Sitter-Space/Conformal-Field-Theory Dual for a Time-Dependent Finite Temperature System
- Gravity dual of N=4 SYM theory with fast moving sources
- Hydrodynamic Flow of the Quark-Gluon Plasma and Gauge/Gravity Correspondence
- Holographic dual of a boost-invariant plasma with chemical potential
Cited by in corpus (9)
- NR/HEP: roadmap for the future
- Multiplicities from black-hole formation in heavy-ion collisions
- Holographic phase diagram of quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ions collisions
- Entanglement of scales as a possible mechanism for decoherence and thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
- Reggeon exchange from gauge/gravity duality
- The de Broglie universal substratum, the Lochak monopoles and the dark universe
- Hydrodynamics and transport coefficients in an infrared-deformed soft-wall AdS/QCD model at finite temperature
- Violation of the KSS Bound in Holographic Bjorken-Flow
- Extension of the integrated hydrokinetic model to nuclear collision energies relevant for the RHIC Beam-Energy Scan program and the research program at GSI-FAIR