Observational Constraints on Submillimeter Dust Opacity

Abstract

Infrared extinction maps and submillimeter dust continuum maps are powerful probes of the density structure in the envelope of star-forming cores. We make a direct comparison between infrared and submillimeter dust continuum observations of the low-mass Class 0 core, B335, to constrain the ratio of submillimeter to infrared opacity (\kaprat) and the submillimeter opacity power-law index ($\kappa \propto {\lambda }^{-\beta }$). Using the average value of theoretical dust opacity models at 2.2 \micron, we constrain the dust opacity at 850 and 450 \micron . Using new dust continuum models based upon the broken power-law density structure derived from interferometric observations of B335 and the infall model derived from molecular line observations of B335, we find that the opacity ratios are $\frac{{\kappa }_{850}}{{\kappa }_{2.2}}=(3.21-4.80{)}_{-0.30}^{+0.44}\times 10^{-4}$ and $\frac{{\kappa }_{450}}{{\kappa }_{2.2}}=(12.8-24.8{)}_{-1.3}^{+2.4}\times 10^{-4}$ with a submillimeter opacity power-law index of ${\beta }_{smm}=(2.18-2.58{)}_{-0.30}^{+0.30}$. The range of quoted values are determined from the uncertainty in the physical model for B335. For an average 2.2 \micron\ opacity of $3800\pm 700$ cm${}^2$g${}^{-1}$, we find a dust opacity at 850 and 450 \micron\ of ${\kappa }_{850}=(1.18-1.77{)}_{-0.24}^{+0.36}$ and ${\kappa }_{450}=(4.72-9.13{)}_{-0.98}^{+1.9}$ cm${}^2$g${}^{-1}$ of dust. These opacities are from $(0.65-0.97){\kappa }_{850}^{\mathrm{OH}5}$ of the widely used theoretical opacities of Ossenkopf and Henning for coagulated ice grains with thin mantles at 850\micron.

28 pages, 7 figure. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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