Collective modes in multiband superfluids and superconductors: Multiple dynamical classes

Abstract

One important way to characterize the states having a gauge symmetry spontaneously broken over multibands should be to look at their collective excitation modes. We find that a three-band system has multiple Leggett modes with significantly different masses, which can be classified into different dynamical classes according to whether multiple inter-band Josephson currents add or cancel. This provides a way to dynamically characterize multiband superconductivity while the pairing symmetry is a static property.

4 pages, 3 figures

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• Contribution of Collective Excitations to Third Harmonic Generation in Multiband Superconductors: the case of MgB${}_2$
• Classification of Lifshitz invariant in multiband superconductors: an application to Leggett modes in the linear response regime in Kagome lattice models
• Linear spectroscopy of collective modes and the gap structure in two-dimensional superconductors
• Optically active Higgs and Leggett modes in multiband pair-density-wave superconductors with Lifshitz invariant
• Collective excitations in three-band superconductors