Ground state, collective mode, phase soliton and vortex in multiband superconductors

Abstract

This article reviews theoretical and experimental work on the novel physics in multiband superconductors. Multiband superconductors are characterized by multiple superconducting energy gaps in different bands with interaction between Cooper pairs in these bands. The discovery of prominent multiband superconductors $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_2$ and later iron-based superconductors has triggered enormous interests in multiband superconductors. Most recently discovered superconductors exhibit multiband features. The multiband superconductors possess novel properties that are not shared by their single-band counterpart. Examples include the time-reversal symmetry broken state in multiband superconductors with frustrated interband couplings, the collective oscillation of number of Cooper pairs between different bands, known as the Leggett mode, the phase soliton and fractional vortex, which are the main focus of this review. This review presents a survey of a wide range of theoretical exploration and experimental investigations of novel physics in multiband superconductors. Vast information derived from these studies is shown to highlight unusual and unique properties of multiband superconductors, and to reveal the challenges and opportunities in the research on the multiband superconductivity.

arXiv commentreview article with 34 pages and 24 figures. Comments and suggestions are welcome

References in corpus (154)

• Unconventional sign-reversing superconductivity in LaFeAsO_(1-x)F_x
• The Puzzle of High Temperature Superconductivity in Layered Iron Pnictides and Chalcogenides
• Unconventional pairing originating from disconnected Fermi surfaces in superconducting LaFeAsO${}_{1-x}$F${}_x$}
• Superconductivity in Iron Compounds
• High-temperature superconductivity in iron-based materials
• The Flux-Line Lattice in Superconductors
• Gap symmetry and structure of Fe-based superconductors
• Beyond Eliashberg superconductivity in MgB2: anharmonicity, two-phonon scattering, and multiple gaps
• Observation of Fermi-surface-dependent nodeless superconducting gaps in Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2
• Enhancement of the upper critical field by nonmagnetic impurities in dirty two-gap superconductors
• To What Extent Iron-Pnictide New Superconductors Have Been Clarified: A Progress Report
• Resonant Spin Excitation in the High Temperature Superconductor Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2
• Evidence for two superconducting energy gaps in MgB2 by point-contact spectroscopy
• A minimal two-band model for the superconducting Fe-pnictides
• Superconductivity in novel BiS2-based layered superconductor LaO1-xFxBiS2
• Direct coupling between magnetism and superconducting current in Josephson Phi junction
• Vortices with fractional flux in two-gap superconductors and in extended Faddeev model
• Vortex phase diagram for mesoscopic superconducting disks
• Two-Band Superconductivity in MgB2
• The Unexpected Properties of Alkali Metal Iron Selenide Superconductors
• Type-1.5 Superconductors
• Experimental Evidence for Giant Vortex States in a Mesoscopic Superconducting Disk
• Phase Fluctuations and Pseudogap Phenomena
• Ginzburg-Landau theory of vortices in a multi-gap superconductor
• Semi-Meissner state and neither type-I nor type-II superconductivity in multicomponent systems
• Three-band superconductivity and the order parameter that breaks time-reversal symmetry
• Direct evidence for a multiple superconducting gap in MgB2 from high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy
• Band Structure and Fermi Surface of an Extremely Overdoped Iron-Based Superconductor KFe2As2
• Exotic Superconducting Properties in the Electron-Hole Compensated Heavy Fermion `Semimetal' URu2Si2
• Dependence of the vortex configuration on the geometry of mesoscopic flat samples
• Limits of the upper critical field in dirty two-gap superconductors
• Universal heat conduction in the iron-arsenide superconductor KFe2As2 : Evidence of a d-wave state
• Pairing State with a time-reversal symmetry breaking in FeAs based superconductors
• s+is State with Broken Time Reversal Symmetry in Fe-Based Superconductors
• Exotic d-wave superconductivity in strongly hole doped K(x)Ba(1-x)Fe2As2
• Observation of Leggett's collective mode in a multi-band MgB2 superconductor
• Electronic Raman scattering in superconductors as a probe of anisotropic electron pairing
• Integer and half-integer flux-quantum transitions in a niobium/iron-pnictide loop
• A review of two-band superconductivity: materials and effects on the thermodynamic and reversible mixed-state properties
• Superfluid density and specific heat within self-consistent scheme for two-band superconductor
• On the Ginzburg-Landau Analysis of the Upper Critical Field Hc2 in MgB2
• Microscopic theory of type-1.5 superconductivity in multiband systems
• Multiband superconductivity in the heavy fermion compound PrOs4Sb12
• Topological solitons in three-band superconductors with broken time reversal symmetry
• Stable vortex-antivortex molecules in mesoscopic superconducting triangles
• Two-gap superconductivity in Ba_1-xK_xFe_2As_2: A complementary study of the magnetic penetration depth by \muSR and ARPES
• Evolution of two-gap behavior of the superconductor FeSe_1-x
• Conventional mechanisms for "exotic" superconductivity
• Type-1.5 superconductivity in multiband systems: the effects of interband couplings
• Quasiparticle Heat Transport in Ba${}_{1-x}$K${}_x$Fe${}_2$As${}_2$: Evidence for a k-dependent Superconducting Gap without Nodes
• Type-1.5 Superconducting State from an Intrinsic Proximity Effect in Two-Band Superconductors
• Chiral CP^2 skyrmions in three-band superconductors
• Vortex matter in mesoscopic two-gap superconducting disks: influence of Josephson and magnetic coupling
• Extended Ginzburg-Landau formalism for two-band superconductors
• Length scales, collective modes, and type-1.5 regimes in three-band superconductors
• Broken time-reversal symmetry in Josephson junction involving two-band superconductors
• Magnetic response of mesoscopic superconducting rings with two order parameters
• Intrinsic Josephson effect and nonequilibrium soliton structures in two-gap superconductors
• Universality of superconducting gaps in overdoped Ba0.3K0.7Fe2As2 observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• Two-band superconductors: Hidden criticality deep in the superconducting state
• Effective Lagrangians for BCS Superconductors at T=0
• Evolution of symmetry and structure of the gap in Fe-based superconductors with doping and interactions
• Massless Leggett Mode in Three-band Superconductors with Time-Reversal-Symmetry Breaking
• Effective action approach to the Leggett's mode in two-band superconductors
• Effective action for Superconductors and BCS-Bose crossover
• Is the term "type-1.5 superconductivity" warranted by Ginzburg-Landau theory?
• Domain walls and their experimental signatures in s+is superconductors
• Scanning SQUID microscopy of vortex clusters in multiband superconductors
• Leggett modes in iron-based superconductors as a probe of Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking
• Experimental evidence of two-band behavior of MgB2
• Time reversal symmetry breakdown in normal and superconducting states in frustrated three-band systems
• Structural Transitions, Melting, and Intermediate Phases for Stripe and Clump Forming Systems
• Theory of heterotic SIS Josephson junctions between single- and multi-gap superconductors
• Gap Symmetry in KFe_2As_2 and cos 4θgap component in LiFeAs
• Is ZrB12 two gap superconductor?
• The low-energy phase-only action in a superconductor: a comparison with the XY model
• Stable fractional flux vortices in mesoscopic superconductors
• Observability of a projected new state of matter: a metallic superfluid
• Why magnesium diboride is not described by anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau theory
• Different length-scales for order parameters in two-gap superconductors: the extended Ginzburg-Landau theory
• Phase textures induced by dc current pairbreaking in multilayer structures and two-gap superconductors
• Magnetic field delocalization and flux inversion in fractional vortices in two-component superconductors
• Violation of the London Law and Onsager-Feynman quantization in multicomponent superconductors
• Vortices and chirality in multi-band superconductors
• Possible phase-sensitive tests of pairing symmetry in pnictide superconductors
• Spin fluctuations and unconventional pairing in KFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Phase transitions and anomalous normal state in superconductors with broken time reversal symmetry
• Two-band superconductors: Extended Ginzburg-Landau formalism by a systematic expansion in small deviation from the critical temperature
• Model of collective modes in three-band superconductors with repulsive interband interactions
• Conditions for non-monotonic vortex interaction in two-band superconductors
• Effect of annealing on the specific heat of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2
• Stable fractional flux vortices and unconventional magnetic state in two-component superconductors
• Vortex sub-lattice melting in a two-component superconductor
• Stability of fractional vortex states in a two-band mesoscopic superconductor
• Nodeless superconductivity in K${}_x$Fe${}_{2-y}$Se${}_2$ single crystals revealed by low temperature specific heat
• Thermodynamically stable noncomposite vortices in mesoscopic two-gap superconductors
• Field dependence of the vortex core size in a multi-band superconductor
• Josephson effect between a two-band superconductor with the s++ or s+- pairing symmetry and a conventional s-wave superconductor
• Anomalous Flux Flow Resistivity in Two Gap Superconductor MgB_2
• Evidence for multiband superconductivity in the heavy fermion compound UNi2Al3
• Multiband Superconductivity in Heavy Fermion Compound CePt3Si without Inversion Symmetry: An NMR Study on a High-Quality Single Crystal
• Muon-spin rotation measurements of the vortex state in Sr${}_2$RuO${}_4$: type-1.5 superconductivity, vortex clustering and a crossover from a triangular to a square vortex lattice
• Semi-Meissner state and non-pairwise intervortex interactions in type-1.5 superconductors
• Microwave Response of V3Si Single Crystals: Evidence for Two-Gap Superconductivity
• Collective modes in multiband superfluids and superconductors: Multiple dynamical classes
• Giant vortices, vortex rings and reentrant behavior in type-1.5 superconductors
• $\pi$-junction to probe antiphase s-wave pairing in iron pnictide superconductors
• Vortex States and Phase Diagram of Multi-component Superconductors with Competing Repulsive and Attractive Vortex Interactions
• Specific Heat vs Field in the 30 K Superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2
• Evidence of d-wave Superconductivity in K_(1-x)Na_xFe_2As_2 (x = 0, 0.1) Single Crystals from Low-Temperature Specific Heat Measurements
• The proximity effect in normal metal - multiband superconductor hybrid structures
• Dynamic melting of confined vortex matter
• Microscopic prediction of skyrmion lattice state in clean interface superconductors
• Dissociation Transition of a Composite Lattice of Magnetic Vortices in the Flux-Flow Regime of Two-Band Superconductors
• Ambegaokar-Baratoff relations of Josephson critical current in heterojunctions with multi-gap superconductors
• Theory of Raman scattering from Leggett's collective mode in a multiband superconductor: Application to MgB${}_2$
• Theory of fluctuations in a two-band superconductor
• Type-1.5 superconductivity in multiband systems: magnetic response, broken symmetries and microscopic theory. A brief overview
• Phase soliton and pairing symmetry of a two-band superconductor: Role of the proximity effect
• Vortex states in mesoscopic three-band superconductors
• Stabilizing fractional vortices in multiband superconductors with periodic pinning arrays
• Hierarchical structure formation in layered superconducting systems with multi-scale inter-vortex interactions
• Interface energy of two band superconductors
• Anharmonicity and self-energy effects of the E2g phonon in MgB2
• Comment on Phys. Rev. B 83, 054515 (2011) by V. G. Kogan and J. Schmalian and comment on their reply Phys. Rev. B 86, 016502 (2012)
• Finite Temperature Time-Dependent Effective Theory For The Goldstone Field In A BCS-Type Superfluid
• Josephson Effects in Three-Band Superconductors with Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry
• Anomalous impurity effects in the iron-based superconductor KFe${}_2$As${}_2$
• Leggett mode in a strong-coupling model of iron arsenide superconductors
• Observation of a metallic superfluid in a numerical experiment
• Skyrmions induced by dissipationless drag in U(1)xU(1) superconductors
• Anomalous proximity effects at the interface of s and s+- superconductors
• Shapiro Steps as a Direct Probe of $\pm s$-wave Symmetry in Multi-gap Superconducting Josephson Junctions
• Massless collective excitations in frustrated multi-band superconductors
• Unusual mechanism of vortex viscosity generated by mixed normal modes in superconductors with broken time reversal symmetry
• Classification of ground states and normal modes for phase-frustrated multicomponent superconductors
• Theory of vortex structure in Josephson junctions with multiple tunneling channels: Vortex enlargement as a probe of $\pm s$-wave superconductivity
• Honeycomb, square, and kagomé vortex lattices in superconducting systems with multi-scale inter-vortex interactions
• Static and Dynamic Phases for Vortex Matter with Attractive Interactions
• Phase solitons and subgap excitations in two-band superconductors
• $H$-$T$ Phase Diagram of Multi-component Superconductors with Frustrated Inter-component Couplings
• Proximity fingerprint of s+- superconductivity
• Phase diagram of Josephson junction between s and s+- superconductors in dirty limit
• Stripe, gossamer, and glassy phases in systems with strong non-pairwise interactions
• Flux flow and pinning of the vortex sheet structure in a two-component superconductor
• Reply to Comment by E. Babaev and M. Silaev, arXiv:1105.3756
• Vortex Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Superconductors: Vortex Clusters, Domain Walls and Enhanced Viscosity
• Phase slip centers in a two-band superconducting filament: application to MgB2
• Fluctuations in two-band superconductors in a strong magnetic field
• Fluctuations in superconducting rings with two order parameters
• Type-1.5 superconductivity in muliband and other multicomponent systems
• Possible pi-phase shift at interface of two pnictides with antiphase s-wave pairing
• Three and Four-Body Intervortex Forces in the Ginzburg-Landau Models of Single- and Multicomponent Superconductivity
• Entropy- and Flow- Induced Superfluid States

Cited by in corpus (18)

• Distinguishing between $s+id$ and $s+is$ pairing symmetries in multiband superconductors through spontaneous magnetization pattern induced by a defect
• Proximity and Josephson effects in microstructures based on multiband superconductors
• Coexistence of giant Cooper pairs with a bosonic condensate and anomalous behavior of energy gaps in the BCS-BEC crossover of a two-band superfluid Fermi gas
• Topological phase transitions in small mesoscopic chiral p-wave superconductors
• Anomalous diamagnetic response in multi-band superconductors with time-reversal broken symmetry
• Phase solitons in a weakly coupled three-component superconductor
• Mechanism of screening or enhancing the pseudogap throughout the two-band Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein condensate crossover
• Josephson systems based on ballistic point contacts between single-band and multi-band superconductors
• Skyrmionic chains and lattices in $s+id$ superconductors
• Creating Nanostructured Superconductors On Demand by Local Current Annealing
• Frustration driven Josephson phase dynamics
• Time-reversal symmetry breaking state in dirty three-band superconductor
• High-$T_c$ Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in 2D superconducting systems with coupled deep and quasi-flat electronic bands with van Hove singularities
• Linear spectroscopy of collective modes and the gap structure in two-dimensional superconductors
• Proximity-induced collective modes in an unconventional superconductor heterostructure
• Quasiparticle Bound States around Fractional Vortices in s-wave Superconductor
• Normal Fermi Surface in the Nodal Superconductor CeCoIn${}_5$ Revealed via Thermal Conductivity
• DC-driven separation of fractional flux quanta in two-band superconductors