The Evolution of the Kinematics of Nebular Shells in Planetary Nebulae in the Milky Way Bulge

Abstract

We study the line widths in the [\ion{O}{3}]$\lambda$5007 and H$\alpha$ lines for two groups of planetary nebulae in the Milky Way bulge based upon spectroscopy obtained at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (OAN-SPM) using the Manchester Echelle Spectrograph. The first sample includes objects early in their evolution, having high H$\beta$ luminosities, but [\ion{O}{3}]$\lambda 5007/\mathrm{H}\beta <3$. The second sample comprises objects late in their evolution, with \ion{He}{2} $\lambda 4686/\mathrm{H}\beta >0.5$. These planetary nebulae represent evolutionary phases preceeding and following those of the objects studied by Richer et al. (2008). Our sample of planetary nebulae with weak [\ion{O}{3}]$\lambda$5007 has a line width distribution similar to that of the expansion velocities of the envelopes of AGB stars, and shifted to systematically lower values as compared to the less evolved objects studied by Richer et al. (2008). The sample with strong \ion{He}{2} $\lambda 4686$ has a line width distribution indistinguishable from that of the more evolved objects from Richer et al. (2008), but a distribution in angular size that is systematically larger and so they are clearly more evolved. These data and those of Richer et al. (2008) form a homogeneous sample from a single Galactic population of planetary nebulae, from the earliest evolutionary stages until the cessation of nuclear burning in the central star. They confirm the long-standing predictions of hydrodynamical models of planetary nebulae, where the kinematics of the nebular shell are driven by the evolution of the central star.

accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

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