Thermal Fluctuations of the Electric Field in the Presence of Carrier Drift

Abstract

We consider a semiconductor in a non-equilibrium steady state, with a dc current. On top of the stationary carrier motion there are fluctuations. It is shown that the stationary motion of the carriers (i.e., their drift) can have a profound effect on the electromagnetic field fluctuations in the bulk of the sample as well as outside it, close to the surface (evanescent waves in the near field). The effect is particularly pronounced near the plasma frequency. This is because drift leads to a significant modification of the dispersion relation for the bulk and surface plasmons.

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• Fluctuation induced forces in the presence of mobile carrier drift
• Normal and lateral Casimir force: Advances and prospects