Orbital order in bilayer graphene at filling factor $\nu =-1$

Abstract

In a graphene bilayer with Bernal stacking both $n=0$ and $n=1$ orbital Landau levels have zero kinetic energy. An electronic state in the N=0 Landau level consequently has three quantum numbers in addition to its guiding center label: its spin, its valley index $K$ or $K^{\prime }$, and an orbital quantum number $n=0,1.$ The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the bilayer supports a wide variety of broken-symmetry states in which the pseudospins associated these three quantum numbers order in a manner that is dependent on both filling factor $\nu$ and the electric potential difference between the layers. In this paper, we study the case of $\nu =-1$ in an external field strong enough to freeze electronic spins. We show that an electric potential difference between layers drives a series of transitions, starting from interlayer-coherent states (ICS) at small potentials and leading to orbitally coherent states (OCS) that are polarized in a single layer. Orbital pseudospins carry electric dipoles with orientations that are ordered in the OCS and have Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions that can lead to spiral instabilities. We show that the microwave absorption spectra of ICSs, OCSs, and the mixed states that occur at intermediate potentials are sharply distinct.

21 pages, 14 figures

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