Bogoliubov Theory and Lee-Huang-Yang Corrections in Spin-1 and Spin-2 Bose-Einstein Condensates in the Presence of the Quadratic Zeeman Effect
arXiv:0912.0355 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.063632
Abstract
We develop Bogoliubov theory of spin-1 and spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in the presence of a quadratic Zeeman effect, and derive the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) corrections to the ground-state energy, sound velocity, and quantum depletion. We investigate all the phases of spin-1 and spin-2 BECs that can be realized experimentally. We also examine the stability of each phase against quantum fluctuations and the quadratic Zeeman effect. Furthermore, we discuss a relationship between the number of symmetry generators that are spontaneously broken and that of Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes. It is found that in the spin-2 nematic phase there are special Bogoliubov modes that have gapless linear dispersion relations but do not belong to the NG modes.
v3: 62 pages, 18 figures
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