High-speed charge-to-time converter ASIC for the Super-Kamiokande detector

Abstract

A new application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), the high-speed charge-to-time converter (QTC) IWATSU CLC101, provides three channels, each consisting of preamplifier, discriminator, low-pass filter, and charge integration circuitry, optimized for the waveform of a photomultiplier tube (PMT). This ASIC detects PMT signals using individual built-in discriminators and drives output timing signals whose width represents the integrated charge of the PMT signal. Combined with external input circuits composed of passive elements, the QTC provides full analog signal processing for the detector's PMTs, ready for further processing by time-to-digital converters (TDCs). High-rate (>1MHz) signal processing is achieved by short-charge-conversion-time and baseline-restoration circuits. Wide-range charge measurements are enabled by offering three gain ranges while maintaining a short cycle time. QTC chip test results show good analog performance, with efficient detection for a single photoelectron signal, four orders of magnitude dynamic range (0:3mV ~ 3V; 0:2 ~ 2500 pC), 1% charge linearity, 0.2 pC charge resolution, and 0.1 ns timing resolution. Test results on ambient temperature dependence, channel isolation, and rate dependence also meet specifications.

24 pages, 19 figures

References in corpus (6)

• A Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Parameters by Super-Kamiokande I
• Evidence for an oscillatory signature in atmospheric neutrino oscillation
• Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-I
• Search for Supernova Neutrino Bursts at Super-Kamiokande
• Search for Proton Decay via p -> e^+ pi^0 and p -> mu^+ pi^0 in a Large Water Cherenkov Detector
• Search for nucleon decay via modes favored by supersymmetric grand unification models in Super-Kamiokande-I

Cited by in corpus (32)

• The T2K Experiment
• Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with external constraints in Super-Kamiokande I-IV
• Search for Proton Decay via $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ and $p\to {\mu }^{+}{\pi }^0$ in 0.31 megaton$\cdot$years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande Water Cherenkov Detector
• Limits on sterile neutrino mixing using atmospheric neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande
• Search for Proton Decay via $p\to \nu K^{+}$ using 260 kiloton$\cdot$year data of Super-Kamiokande
• Calibration of the Super-Kamiokande Detector
• Search for proton decay via $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ and $p\to {\mu }^{+}{\pi }^0$ with an enlarged fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-IV
• Measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux by Super-Kamiokande: energy spectra, geomagnetic effects, and solar modulation
• Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background Search at Super-Kamiokande
• Real-Time Supernova Neutrino Burst Monitor at Super-Kamiokande
• Spectral Measurement of the Electron Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency using 500 Live Days of RENO Data
• Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Analysis With Improved Event Reconstruction in Super-Kamiokande IV
• Search for nucleon decay into charged antilepton plus meson in 0.316 megaton$\cdot$years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector
• Search for dinucleon decay into pions at Super-Kamiokande
• Solar neutrino measurements using the full data period of Super-Kamiokande-IV
• Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Anti-neutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission
• Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with neutron tagging and an expanded fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-V
• Probing Rotation of Core-collapse Supernova with Concurrent Analysis of Gravitational Waves and Neutrinos
• Search for supernova bursts in Super-Kamiokande IV
• Search for solar electron anti-neutrinos due to spin-flavor precession in the Sun with Super-Kamiokande-IV
• Energy response of X-rays under high flux conditions using a thin APD for the energy range of 6-33 keV
• Development of a data overflow protection system for Super-Kamiokande to maximize data from nearby supernovae
• New Signal of Atmospheric Tau Neutrino Appearance: Sub-GeV Neutral-Current Interactions in JUNO
• An Analogue Front-End ASIC Prototype Designed For PMT Signal Readout
• A Time-to-Digital Converter-based Correction Method for Charge Measurement through Area Integration
• Evaluation of a front-end ASIC for the readout of PMTs in large dynamic range
• Testing of Front-End Readout Prototype ASICs Designed for WCDA in LHAASO
• Design and simulation of a 12-bit, 40 MSPS asynchronous SAR ADC for the readout of PMT signal
• Measurements of the charge ratio and polarization of cosmic-ray muons with the Super-Kamiokande detector
• Neutron multiplicity measurement in muon capture on oxygen nuclei in the Gd-loaded Super-Kamiokande detector
• Prototype of a front-end readout ASIC designed for the Water Cherenkov Detector Array in LHAASO
• A multichannel front end ASIC for PMT readout in LHAASO WCDA