The formation of the black hole in the X-ray binary system V404 Cyg

Abstract

Using new and archival radio data, we have measured the proper motion of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cyg to be 9.2+/-0.3 mas/yr. Combined with the systemic radial velocity from the literature, we derive the full three-dimensional heliocentric space velocity of the system, which we use to calculate a peculiar velocity in the range 47-102 km/s, with a best fitting value of 64 km/s. We consider possible explanations for the observed peculiar velocity, and find that the black hole cannot have formed via direct collapse. A natal supernova is required, in which either significant mass (approximately 11 solar masses) was lost, giving rise to a symmetric Blaauw kick of up to 65 km/s, or, more probably, asymmetries in the supernova led to an additional kick out of the orbital plane of the binary system. In the case of a purely symmetric kick, the black hole must have been formed with a mass of approximately 9 solar masses, since when it has accreted 0.5-1.5 solar masses from its companion.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (2)

• Kinematics of Black Hole X-ray Binary GRS 1915+105
• Zooming in on a sleeping giant: milliarcsecond HSA imaging of the black hole binary V404 Cyg in quiescence

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• Swift observations of V404 Cyg during the 2015 outburst: X-ray outflows from super-Eddington accretion
• State of the field: Binary black hole natal kicks and prospects for isolated field formation after GWTC-2
• The observed mass distribution of Galactic black hole LMXBs is biased against massive black holes
• Formation of Black Hole Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
• MASTER optical polarization variability detection in the Microquasar V404 Cyg/GS2023+33
• MITSuME observation of V404 Cygni in the 2015 outburst: Two optical variable components with different variability
• An excess of low-mass X-ray binaries in the outer halo of NGC 4472
• Proper Motion and Natal Kick in the Galactic Black Hole X-ray Binary AT2019wey