Stellar Proper Motions in the Galactic Bulge from deep HST ACS/WFC Photometry

Abstract

We present stellar proper motions in the Galactic bulge from the Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Search (SWEEPS) project using ACS/WFC on HST. Proper motions are extracted for more than 180,000 objects, with >81,000 measured to accuracy better than 0.3 mas/yr in both coordinates. We report several results based on these measurements: 1. Kinematic separation of bulge from disk allows a sample of >15,000 bulge objects to be extracted based on >6-sigma detections of proper motion, with <0.2% contamination from the disk. This includes the first detection of a candidate bulge Blue Straggler population. 2. Armed with a photometric distance modulus on a star by star basis, and using the large number of stars with high-quality proper motion measurements to overcome intrinsic scatter, we dissect the kinematic properties of the bulge as a function of distance along the line of sight. This allows us to extract the stellar circular speed curve from proper motions alone, which we compare with the circular speed curve obtained from radial velocities. 3. We trace the variation of the {l,b} velocity ellipse as a function of depth. 4. Finally, we use the density-weighted {l,b} proper motion ellipse produced from the tracer stars to assess the kinematic membership of the sixteen transiting planet candidates discovered in the Sagittarius Window; the kinematic distribution of the planet candidates is consistent with that of the disk and bulge stellar populations.

arXiv comment71 pages, 30 figures, ApJ Accepted

References in corpus (46)

• Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies
• A Triple Main Sequence in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808
• SINFONI in the Galactic Center: young stars and IR flares in the central light month
• Age and Metallicity Distribution of the Galactic Bulge from Extensive Optical and Near-IR Stellar Photometry
• First GLIMPSE Results on the Stellar Structure of the Galaxy
• The Victoria-Regina Stellar Models: Evolutionary Tracks and Isochrones for a Wide Range in Mass and Metallicity that Allow for Empirically Constrained Amounts of Convective Core Overshooting
• Toward High-Precision Astrometry with WFPC2. I. Deriving an Accurate PSF
• Outer structure of the Galactic warp and flare: explaining the Canis Major over-density
• Abundances of Baade's Window Giants from Keck/HIRES Spectra: II. The Alpha- and Light Odd Elements
• Oxygen, Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminium as tracers of the Galactic Bulge Formation
• Abundances of Baade's Window Giants from Keck/HIRES Spectra: I. Stellar Parameters and [Fe/H] Values
• Oxygen abundances in the Galactic Bulge: evidence for fast chemical enrichment
• Modelling the Galactic bar using OGLE-II Red Clump Giant Stars
• Ground-Based CCD Astrometry with Wide Field Imagers. I. [Observations just a few years apart allow decontamination of field objects from members in two Globular clusters.]
• Transiting extrasolar planetary candidates in the Galactic bulge
• HST/WFPC2 proper motions in two bulge fields: kinematics and stellar population of the Galactic bulge
• The First Detailed Abundances for M giants in Baade's Window from Infrared Spectroscopy
• Infrared stellar populations in the central parts of the Milky Way galaxy
• The Bulge Radial Velocity Assay (BRAVA): I. Techniques and a Rotation Curve
• Extinction Map of the Galactic center: OGLE-II Galactic bulge fields
• The Long Bar in the Milky Way. Corroboration of an old hypothesis
• High Redshift Supernovae in the Hubble Deep Field
• Extinction Map of Baade's Window
• Displacement of the Sun from the Galactic Plane
• New constraints on a triaxial model of the Galaxy
• The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Catalog of stellar proper motions in the OGLE-II Galactic bulge fields
• The Metallicity and Reddening of Stars in the Inner Galactic Bulge
• Signatures of Bulge Triaxiality from Kinematics in Baade's Window/
• A new, cleaner colour-magnitude diagram for the metal-rich globular cluster NGC 6528 - Velocity dispersion in the Bulge, age and proper motion of NGC 6528
• 86 GHz SiO maser survey of late-type stars in the Inner Galaxy. I. Observational data
• Evidence of a Metal Rich Galactic Bar from the Vertex Deviation of the Velocity Ellipsoid
• Detection of Lithium in a Main Sequence Bulge Star Using Keck I as a 15m Diameter Telescope
• Clues to the Metallicity Distribution in the Galactic Bulge: Abundances in OGLE-2007_BLG-349S
• Something about the structure of the Galaxy
• Proper Motion Dispersions of Red Clump Giants in the Galactic Bulge: Observations and Model Comparisons
• Stellar Cluster Fiducial Sequences with the Advanced Camera for Surveys
• Dynamics of the Galactic Bulge using Planetary Nebulae
• Proper Motions in the Galactic Bulge: Plaut's Window
• Mapping stellar kinematics across the Galactic bar: HST measurements of proper motions in 35 fields
• The distribution of maser stars in the inner Milky Way: the effect of a weak, rotating bar
• A Re-examination of the "Planetary" Lensing Events in M22
• A two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for crowded field source detection: ROSAT sources in NGC 6397
• ChaMPlane Discovery of Candidate Symbiotic Binaries in Baade's and Stanek's Windows
• Concerning the White Dwarf Cooling Age of M4: A Response to the Paper by De Marchi et al. on "A Different Interpretation of Recent HST Observations"
• Photometric detection of high proper motions in dense stellar fields using Difference Image Analysis
• New Parametrizations of Non-Gaussian Line-of-sight Velocity Distribution

Cited by in corpus (139)

• The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. V. Evidence for a wide age distribution and a complex MDF
• VVV DR1: The First Data Release of the Milky Way Bulge and Southern Plane from the Near-Infrared ESO Public Survey VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea
• Dynamical modelling of the Galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's bar pattern speed, stellar, and dark matter mass distribution
• Our Milky Way as a Pure-Disk Galaxy -- A Challenge for Galaxy Formation
• Two Red Clumps and the X-Shaped Milky Way Bulge
• The Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 Early Release Science data: Panchromatic Faint Object Counts for 0.2-2 microns wavelength
• Predictions of the WFIRST Microlensing Survey I: Bound Planet Detection Rates
• The metallicity distribution of bulge clump giants in Baade's Window
• Chemodynamical history of the Galactic Bulge
• Alpha element abundances and gradients in the Milky Way bulge from FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra of 650 K giants
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. VI. Age and abundance structure of the stellar populations in the central sub-kpc of the Milky Way
• Separation of Stellar Populations by an Evolving Bar: Implications for the Bulge of the Milky Way
• Insights on the Milky Way bulge formation from the correlations between kinematics and metallicity
• Chemodynamics of barred galaxies in cosmological simulations: On the Milky Way's quiescent merger history and in-situ bulge
• The GIRAFFE Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS). I. Survey Description and a kinematical map of the Milky Way bulge
• Light, Alpha, and Fe-Peak Element Abundances in the Galactic Bulge
• The First Detection of Blue Straggler Stars in the Milky Way Bulge
• Galactic Stellar Populations in the Era of SDSS and Other Large Surveys
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Exploring the complex nature and origins of the Galactic bulge populations
• Reddening and metallicity maps of the Milky Way Bulge from VVV and 2MASS. I.The method and minor axis maps
• Kinematics at the Edge of the Galactic Bulge: Evidence for Cylindrical Rotation
• Spitzer Parallax of OGLE-2015-BLG-0966: A Cold Neptune in the Galactic Disk
• Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Microlensing
• Proper motions of the Arches cluster with Keck-LGS Adaptive Optics: the first kinematic mass measurement of the Arches
• The nuclear cluster of the Milky Way: Our primary testbed for the interaction of a dense star cluster with a massive black hole
• Globular clusters in the Galactic bulge
• Constraints on the Formation of the Galactic Bulge from Na, Al, and Heavy Element Abundances in Plaut's Field
• Alpha Enhancement and the Metallicity Distribution Function of Plaut's Window
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. II. Ages, metallicities, detailed elemental abundances, and connections to the Galactic thick disc
• Detailed abundances for M giants in two inner bulge fields from Infrared Spectroscopy
• The age of the young bulge-like population in the stellar system Terzan5: linking the Galactic bulge to the high-z Universe
• Metallicity Distribution Functions, Radial Velocities, and Alpha Element Abundances in Three Off-Axis Bulge Fields
• APOGEE DR14/DR15 Abundances in the Inner Milky Way
• Phylogeny of the Milky Way's inner disk and bulge populations: Implications for gas accretion, (the lack of) inside-out thick disk formation, and quenching
• HST absolute Proper Motions of NGC 6681 (M70) and the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• Stellar Ages through the Corners of the Boxy Bulge
• Young stars in an old bulge: a natural outcome of internal evolution in the Milky Way
• Metallicity gradients through disk Instability: A simple model for the Milky Way's boxy bulge
• Very Metal-poor Stars in the Outer Galactic Bulge Found by the Apogee Survey
• A two-phase scenario for bulge assembly in LCDM cosmologies
• A Large Sample Study of Red Giants in the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge: different stellar populations and possible gradients
• The disc origin of the Milky Way bulge
• A New Model for the Milky Way Bar
• The WFC3 Galactic Bulge Treasury Program: Relative Ages of Bulge Stars of High and Low Metallicity
• The WFC3 Galactic Bulge Treasury Program: Metallicity Estimates for the Stellar Population and Exoplanet Hosts
• The Bar and Spiral Arms in the Milky Way: Structure and Kinematics
• The Milky Way without X: An alternative interpretation of the double red clump in the Galactic bulge
• Discovery of 5000 Active Galactic Nuclei behind the Magellanic Clouds
• Stars behind bars I: The Milky Way's central stellar populations
• 3D kinematics through the X-shaped Milky Way bulge
• PopSyCLE: A New Population Synthesis Code for Compact Object Microlensing Events
• Is the Galactic bulge devoid of planets?
• Detailed Abundances for the Old Population near the Galactic Center: I. Metallicity distribution of the Nuclear Star Cluster
• Metallicity and kinematics of the bar in-situ
• N-body simulation insights into the X-shaped bulge of the Milky Way: Kinematics and distance to the Galactic Centre
• Formation, vertex deviation and age of the Milky Way's bulge: input from a cosmological simulation with a late-forming bar
• New insights on the Galactic Bulge Initial Mass Function
• Transverse kinematics of the Galactic bar-bulge from VVV and Gaia
• The Bulge Metallicity Distribution from the APOGEE Survey
• Two-Component Galactic Bulge Probed with Renewed Galactic Chemical Evolution Model
• Hiding its age: the case for a younger bulge
• Star formation history and metallicity in the Galactic inner bulge revealed by the red giant branch bump
• Separating the conjoined red clump in the Galactic Bulge: Kinematics and Abundances
• Measuring the Galactic Distribution of Transiting Planets with WFIRST
• Mapping the stellar age of the Milky Way bulge with the VVV. I. The method
• Heavy elements Ba, La, Ce, Nd, and Eu in 56 Galactic bulge red giants
• Proper motions in the VVV Survey: Results for more than 15 million stars across NGC 6544
• The Ages of Galactic Bulge Stars with Realistic Uncertainties
• Fabry-Perot Absorption Line Spectroscopy of the Galactic Bar. I. Kinematics
• Dissecting galactic bulges in space and time I: the importance of early formation scenarios vs. secular evolution
• The Optical/Near-Infrared Extinction Law In Highly Reddened Regions
• Gravitational Wave Detection with Photometric Surveys
• Galactic Bulge Population II Cepheids in the VVV Survey: Period-Luminosity Relations and a Distance to the Galactic Center
• First Detection of the White-Dwarf Cooling Sequence of the Galactic Bulge
• Abundances of disk and bulge giants from hi-res optical spectra: II. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the bulge sample
• Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) II: Project Performance, Data Analysis, and Early Science Results
• Mapping the Interstellar Reddening and Extinction towards Baade's Window Using Minimum Light Colors of ab-type RR Lyrae Stars. Revelations from the De-reddened Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• A Schwarzschild model of the Galactic bar with initial density from N-body simulations
• Correlations between kinematics and metallicity in the Galactic bulge: a review
• The Controversial Star-Formation History and Helium Enrichment of the Milky Way Bulge
• Stars behind bars II: A cosmological formation scenario for the Milky Way's central stellar structure
• The Milky Way Bulge: Observed properties and a comparison to external galaxies
• New insight on the origin of the double red clump in the Milky Way bulge
• Searching for intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters with gravitational microlensing
• Weighing the two stellar components of the Galactic Bulge
• Microlensing constraints on the mass of single stars from HST astrometric measurements
• Clues to the Metallicity Distribution in the Galactic Bulge: Abundances in MOA-2008-BLG310 and MOA-2008-BLG311
• Kinematics of RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge with OGLE-IV and Gaia DR2
• 2D kinematics of massive stars near the Galactic Center
• Unusual neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in a carbon-rich Galactic bulge star
• Evidence of Early Enrichment of the Galactic Disk by Large-Scale Winds
• The Quintuplet Cluster: Extended Structure and Tidal Radius
• Chemically-dissected rotation curves of the Galactic Bulge from Main Sequence proper motions
• DRAFTS: A Deep, Rapid Archival Flare Transient Search in the Galactic Bulge
• A Planetary Microlensing Event with an Unusually Red Source Star: MOA-2011-BLG-291
• HERBS I: Metallicity and alpha enhancement along the Galactic bulge minor axis
• The Blanco DECam Bulge Survey. I. The Survey Description and Early Results
• 3-Dimensional Kinematics in low foreground extinction windows of the Galactic Bulge: Radial Velocities for 6 bulge fields
• Understanding AGB evolution in Galactic bulge stars from high-resolution infrared spectroscopy
• SiO Masers in the Galactic Bulge and Disk: Kinematics from the BAaDE Survey
• Structural Analogs of the Milky Way Galaxy: Stellar Populations in the Boxy Bulges of NGC 4565 and NGC 5746
• Stellar science from a blue wavelength range - A possible design for the blue arm of 4MOST
• A proper motion catalogue for the Milky Way's nuclear stellar disc
• The imprint of clump formation at high redshift. II. The chemistry of the bulge
• Heavy element evolution in the inner regions of the Milky Way
• Modeling the chemical enrichment history of the Bulge Fossil Fragment Terzan 5
• Asymmetric streaming motion in the Galactic bulge X-shaped structure revealed by the OGLE-III proper motions
• VVV WIN 1733$-$3349: a low extinction window to probe the far side of the Milky Way bulge
• The Habitability of the Galactic Bulge
• Kinematic data rebuild the Nuclear star cluster as the most metal rich region of the Galaxy
• Theoretical Models of the Galactic Bulge
• Constructing the Milky Way Stellar Halo in the Galactic Center by Direct Orbit Integration
• Mapping the tilt of the Milky Way bulge velocity ellipsoids with ARGOS and $Gaia$ DR2
• The Rich Lack Close Neighbours: The Dependence of Blue-Straggler Fraction on Metallicity
• MaB$\mu$lS-2: high-precision microlensing modelling for the large-scale survey era
• Proper motions for HST observations in three off-axis bulge fields
• Astrometry in crowded fields towards the Galactic Bulge
• FSR 1776: a new globular cluster in the Galactic bulge?
• Impact of distance determinations on Galactic structure. II. Old tracers
• Chemical analysis of the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6553
• Probing the Milky Way stellar and brown dwarf initial mass function with modern microlensing observations
• Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) V. Cleaning the foreground populations from Galactic bulge colour-magnitude diagrams using Gaia EDR3
• Comparing Observed Stellar Kinematics and Surface Densities in a Low Latitude Bulge Field to Galactic Population Synthesis Models
• Turn-off of Deuterium Astration in the Recent Star Formation of the Galaxy Disk
• Predicted Trends in Milky Way Bulge Proper Motion Rotation Curves: future Prospects for HST and LSST
• Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
• Metallicity Properties of the Galactic Bulge Stars Near and Far: Expectations from the Auriga Simulation
• Revisited parameters for the twin bulge globular clusters NGC 6528 and NGC 6553
• The first r-process enhanced star confirmed to be a member of the Galactic bulge
• Modeling proper motions beyond the Galactic bulge
• The Stellar Population of the Galactic Bulge
• The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and Milky Way Science
• Local Group Proper Motion Dynamics
• The chemical and spatial variations of the bulge's velocity ellipsoids
• Sulfur abundances in the Galactic bulge and disk
• CNO abundances in the Galactic bulge
• Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) IV: Metallicity Distributions and Bulge Structure from 2.6 Million Red Clump Stars