Local stress and superfluid properties of solid Helium-4

Abstract

More than half a century ago Penrose asked: are the superfluid and solid state of matter mutually exclusive or do there exist "supersolid" materials where the atoms form a regular lattice and simultaneously flow without friction? Recent experiments provide evidence that supersolid behavior indeed exists in Helium-4 -- the most quantum material known in Nature. In this paper we show that large local strain in the vicinity of crystalline defects is the origin of supersolidity in Helium-4. Although ideal crystals of Helium-4 are not supersolid, the gap for vacancy creation closes when applying a moderate stress. While a homogeneous system simply becomes unstable at this point, the stressed core of crystalline defects (dislocations and grain boundaries) undergoes a radical transformation and can become superfluid.

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• Simultaneous Measurements of the Torsional Oscillator Anomaly and Thermal Conductivity in Solid 4He
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• Observation of metastable hcp solid helium
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• On The Mobile Behavior of Solid ${}^4$He at High Temperatures
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• Quantized vortices in two dimensional solid 4He
• Saga of Superfluid Solids
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• Comment on "Absence of Off-Diagonal Long- Range Order in hcp ${}^4$He Dislocation Cores"
• Quantum simulation of 3He impurities and of 4He interstitials in solid 4He
• Off-diagonal Long-Range Order and Supersolidity in a Quantum Solid with Vacancies
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