Angular Momentum Accretion onto a Gas Giant Planet

Abstract

We investigate the accretion of angular momentum onto a protoplanet system using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. We consider a local region around a protoplanet in a protoplanetary disk with sufficient spatial resolution. We describe the structure of the gas flow onto and around the protoplanet in detail. We find that the gas flows onto the protoplanet system in the vertical direction crossing the shock front near the Hill radius of the protoplanet, which is qualitatively different from the picture established by two-dimensional simulations. The specific angular momentum of the gas accreted by the protoplanet system increases with the protoplanet mass. At Jovian orbit, when the protoplanet mass M_p is M_p < 1 M_J, where M_J is Jovian mass, the specific angular momentum increases as j \propto M_p. On the other hand, it increases as j \propto M_p^2/3 when the protoplanet mass is M_p > 1 M_J. The stronger dependence of the specific angular momentum on the protoplanet mass for M_p < 1 M_J is due to thermal pressure of the gas. The estimated total angular momentum of a system of a gas giant planet and a circumplanetary disk is two-orders of magnitude larger than those of the present gas giant planets in the solar system. A large fraction of the total angular momentum contributes to the formation of the circumplanetary disk. We also discuss the satellite formation from the circumplanetary disk.

39 pages,13 figures, Submitted to ApJ, For high resolution figures see http://www2.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~machidam/jupiter2/ms08jan22.pdf

References in corpus (6)

• Disk Accretion Onto High-Mass Planets
• Orbital Migration and Mass Accretion of Protoplanets in 3D Global Computations with Nested Grids
• Nested-grid calculations of disk-planet interaction
• Collapse and Fragmentation of Rotating Magnetized Clouds. I. Magnetic Flux - Spin Relation
• Evolution of Rotating Molecular Cloud Core with Oblique Magnetic Field
• Outflows driven by Giant Protoplanets

Cited by in corpus (63)

• Distribution of Accreting Gas and Angular Momentum onto Circumplanetary Disks
• Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
• Phenomenology of the Lense-Thirring effect in the Solar System
• Origin of the Different Architectures of the Jovian and Saturnian Satellite Systems
• Reduced gas accretion on super-Earths and ice giants
• Global hydromagnetic simulations of a planet embedded in a dead zone: gap opening, gas accretion and formation of a protoplanetary jet
• Observability of planet-disc interactions in CO kinematics
• Capture and Evolution of Planetesimals in Circumjovian Disks
• The growth and hydrodynamic collapse of a protoplanet envelope
• Circumplanetary Disk Dynamics in the Isothermal and Adiabatic Limits
• On the Viability of the Magnetorotational Instability in Circumplanetary Disks
• Prograde rotation of protoplanets by accretion of pebbles in a gaseous environment
• Magnetospheric Accretion as a Source of H$\alpha$ Emission from Proto-planets around PDS 70
• Gas Accretion onto a Protoplanet and Formation of a Gas Giant Planet
• The Planetary Accretion Shock. II. Grid of Post-Shock Entropies and Radiative Shock Efficiencies for Non-Equilibrium Radiation Transport
• The collapse of protoplanetary clumps formed through disc instability: 3D simulations of the pre-dissociation phase
• Shock-driven Accretion in Circumplanetary Disks: Observables and Satellite Formation
• Accretion in giant planet circumplanetary disks
• Accreting protoplanets: Spectral signatures and magnitude of gas and dust extinction at H alpha
• A new raytracer for modeling AU-scale imaging of lines from protoplanetary disks
• Photoevaporation as a Truncation Mechanism for Circumplanetary Disks
• Saturn's formation and early evolution at the origin of Jupiter's massive moons
• Juno, the angular momentum of Jupiter and the Lense-Thirring effect
• Magnetic Coupling in the Disks Around Young Gas Giant Planets
• Accretion of Solid Materials onto Circumplanetary Disks from Protoplanetary Disks
• Conditions for water ice lines and Mars-mass exomoons around accreting super-Jovian planets at 1 - 20 AU from Sun-like stars
• The formation of the Galilean moons and Titan in the Grand Tack scenario
• Spin Evolution of Stellar-mass Black Holes Embedded in AGN disks: Orbital Eccentricity Produces Retrograde Circumstellar Flows
• Global 3D Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Proto-Jupiter's Convective Envelope
• Recycling of the first atmospheres of embedded planets: Dependence on core mass and optical depth
• Circum-planetary discs as bottlenecks for gas accretion onto giant planets
• The Planetary Accretion Shock. III. Smoothing-free 2.5D simulations and calculation of H alpha emission
• Spinning up planetary bodies by pebble accretion
• Hydrodynamic Model of H$\alpha$ Emission from Accretion Shocks of Proto-Giant Planet and Circumplanetary Disk
• Distribution of captured planetesimals in circumplanetary gas disks and implications for accretion of regular satellites
• Tilting Uranus via the migration of an ancient satellite
• A Theoretical Framework for the Mass Distribution of Gas Giant Planets forming through the Core Accretion Paradigm
• Prograde and Retrograde Gas Flow around Disk-embedded Companions: Dependence on Eccentricity, Mass and Disk Properties
• Formation of Isothermal Disks around Protoplanets. I. Introductory Three-Dimensional Global Simulations for Sub-Neptune-Mass Protoplanets
• On the Terminal Spins of Accreting Stars and Planets: Boundary Layers
• Analytic Approach to the Late Stages of Giant Planet Formation
• Circumplanetary disk ices. I. Ice formation vs. viscous evolution and grain drift
• Spin of protoplanets generated by pebble accretion: Influences of protoplanet-induced gas flow
• Photoevaporation of the Jovian circumplanetary disk I. Explaining the orbit of Callisto and the lack of outer regular satellites
• Delivery of gas onto the circumplanetary disk of giant planets: Planetary-mass dependence of the source region of accreting gas and mass accretion rate
• Ro-vibrational Spectroscopy of CI Tau -- Evidence of a Multi-Component Eccentric Disk Induced by a Planet
• Orbital characteristics of planetesimals captured by circumplanetary gas disks
• Formation and Structure of Circumplanetary Disks and Envelopes during the Late Stages of Giant Planet Formation
• Size-selective accretion of dust onto CPDs: Low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains
• Dynamics of Core Accretion
• Prograde spin-up during gravitational collapse
• The evolution of a circumplanetary disc with a dead zone
• Capture of planetesimals by waning circumplanetary gas disks
• Circumplanetary disk ices II. Composition
• Equilibrium of charged fluid around a Kerr black hole immersed in a magnetic field: variation of angular momentum
• Protoplanets with core masses below the critical mass fill in their Roche lobe
• Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks
• The influence of a static planetary atmosphere on spin transfer during pebble accretion
• The effects of viscosity on the circumplanetary disks
• Semianalytical Accretion-Tracer Emission: Forming Planets Are Intrinsically Faint
• Non-Keplerian Charged Accretion Disk Orbiting a Black Hole~Pulsar
• Dynamical stability of giant planets: the critical adiabatic index in the presence of a solid core
• Co-orbital resonance with a migrating proto-giant planet