Quiet Sun internetwork magnetic fields from the inversion of Hinode measurements

Abstract

We analyze Fe I 630 nm observations of the quiet Sun at disk center taken with the spectropolarimeter of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite. A significant fraction of the scanned area, including granules, turns out to be covered by magnetic fields. We derive field strength and inclination probability density functions from a Milne-Eddington inversion of the observed Stokes profiles. They show that the internetwork consists of very inclined, hG fields. As expected, network areas exhibit a predominance of kG field concentrations. The high spatial resolution of Hinode's spectropolarimetric measurements brings to an agreement the results obtained from the analysis of visible and near-infrared lines.

To appear in ApJ letters

References in corpus (7)

• A Substantial Amount of Hidden Magnetic Energy in the Quiet Sun
• Quiet Sun magnetic fields at high spatial resolution
• On the validity of the 630 nm Fe I nm lines for the magnetometry of the internetwork quiet Sun
• Quiet Sun magnetic fields from simultaneous inversions of visible and infrared spectropolarimetric observations
• Observational Evidence for Small-Scale Mixture of Weak and Strong Fields in the Quiet Sun
• Quiet Sun magnetic fields from space-borne observations: simulating Hinode's case
• A near-IR line of Mn I as a diagnostic tool of the average magnetic energy in the solar photosphere

Cited by in corpus (110)

• Numerical simulations of quiet Sun magnetism: On the contribution from a small-scale dynamo
• Magnetic Landscape of Sun's Polar Region
• Solar surface emerging flux regions: a comparative study of radiative MHD modeling and Hinode SOT observations
• Small-scale solar magnetic fields
• Emergence of small-scale magnetic loops through the quiet solar atmosphere
• Inversion of the radiative transfer equation for polarized light
• The second flight of the SUNRISE balloon-borne solar observatory: overview of instrument updates, the flight, the data and first results
• The Sun's Supergranulation
• Strong horizontal photospheric magnetic field in a surface dynamo simulation
• Probing quiet Sun magnetism using MURaM simulations and Hinode/SP results: support for a local dynamo
• Quiet Sun magnetic fields observed by Hinode: Support for a local dynamo
• Coupling from the photosphere to the chromosphere and the corona
• Transverse component of the magnetic field in the solar photosphere observed by Sunrise
• Solar magnetic fields as revealed by Stokes polarimetry
• Transient horizontal magnetic fields in solar plage regions
• Polar Field Reversal Observations with Hinode
• Comparison of transient horizontal magnetic fields in a plage region and in the quiet Sun
• Hinode Observations of Magnetic Elements in Internetwork Areas
• The horizontal internetwork magnetic field: numerical simulations in comparison to observations with Hinode
• Is the Polar Region Different from the Quiet Region of the Sun?
• Evidence for Quasi-isotropic Magnetic Fields from Hinode Quiet Sun Observations
• Heating mechanisms in the low solar atmosphere through magnetic reconnection in current sheets
• Inferring the magnetic field vector in the quiet Sun. I. Photon noise and Selection Criteria
• Magnetic bright points in the quiet Sun
• Opposite polarity field with convective downflow and its relation to magnetic spines in a sunspot penumbra
• Asymmetries of the Stokes V profiles observed by HINODE SOT/SP in the quiet Sun
• 3D view of transient horizontal magnetic fields in the photosphere
• Analysis of Quiet-Sun Internetwork Magnetic Fields Based on Linear Polarization Signals
• Super-strong Magnetic Field in Sunspots
• Solar magnetoconvection and small-scale dynamo: Recent developments in observation and simulation
• Magnetic field emergence in quiet Sun granules
• Sparse inversion of Stokes profiles. I. Two-dimensional Milne-Eddington inversions
• Stray-light contamination and spatial deconvolution of slit-spectrograph observations
• Unnoticed magnetic field oscillations in the very quiet Sun revealed by Sunrise/IMaX
• Mesogranulation and the solar surface magnetic field distribution
• The magnetic flux of the quiet Sun internetwork as observed with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter
• Internetwork magnetic field as revealed by 2D inversions
• Magnetic field strength distribution of magnetic bright points inferred from filtergrams and spectro-polarimetric data
• Diffusion of solar magnetic elements up to supergranular spatial and temporal scales
• Imaging Spectropolarimetry with IBIS: Evolution of Bright Points in the Quiet Sun
• Persistent magnetic vortex flow at a supergranular vertex
• The energy of waves in the photosphere and lower chromosphere: 1. Velocity statistics
• Inferring the magnetic field vector in the quiet Sun. II. Interpreting results from the inversion of Stokes profiles
• Interpretation of HINODE SOT/SP asymmetric Stokes profiles observed in quiet Sun network and internetwork
• Estimation of the magnetic flux emergence rate in the quiet Sun from Sunrise data
• Relationship between vertical and horizontal magnetic fields in the quiet Sun
• Formation of an active region filament driven by a series of jets
• Analytical maximum likelihood estimation of stellar magnetic fields
• Small-scale dynamos: From idealized models to solar and stellar applications
• Observed and Simulated Power Spectra of Kinetic and Magnetic Energy retrieved with 2D inversions
• Inclinations of small quiet-Sun magnetic features based on a new geometric approach
• Probing deep photospheric layers of the quiet Sun with high magnetic sensitivity
• The influence of NLTE effects in Fe I lines on an inverted atmosphere I. 6301 A and 6302 A lines formed in 1D NLTE
• Pervasive Linear Polarization Signals in the Quiet Sun
• Horizontal or vertical magnetic fields on the quiet Sun: Angular distributions and their height variations
• Solar surface and atmospheric dynamics: The Photosphere
• Vector magnetic fields of Solar Granulation
• Spatial and temporal distributions of transient horizontal magnetic fields with deep exposure
• Realistic modeling of local dynamo processes on the Sun
• Are there field-free gaps near tau=1 in sunspot penumbrae?
• Ubiquitous quiet-Sun jets
• Zeeman-Tomography of the Solar Photosphere -- 3-Dimensional Surface Structures Retrieved from Hinode Observations
• Application of speckle and (multi-object) multi-frame blind deconvolution techniques on imaging and imaging spectropolarimetric data
• Dipolar Evolution in a Coronal Hole Region
• Farley-Buneman Instability in the Solar Chromosphere
• Explanation of the activity sensitivity of Mn I 5394.7 Å
• Pair separation of magnetic elements in the quiet Sun
• Detection of supersonic horizontal flows in the solar granulation
• Supergranular turbulence in a quiet Sun: Lagrangian coherent structures
• The relation between photospheric supergranular flows and magnetic flux emergence
• Inference of magnetic fields in the very quiet Sun
• Quaternion Non-negative Matrix Factorization: definition, uniqueness and algorithm
• Model selection for spectro-polarimetric inversions
• Statistical evolution of quiet-Sun small scale magnetic features using Sunrise observations
• The properties of horizontal magnetic elements in quiet solar intranetwork
• Optimization of surface flux transport models for the solar polar magnetic field
• Inferring the magnetic field vector in the quiet Sun. III. Disk variation of the Stokes profiles and isotropism of the magnetic field
• Diagnostic functions of solar coronal magnetic fields from radio observations
• Thermodynamic fluctuations in solar photospheric three-dimensional convection simulations and observations
• Hierarchical analysis of the quiet Sun magnetism
• Oscillation Power in Sunspots and Quiet Sun from Hankel Analysis Performed on SDO/HMI and SDO/AIA Data
• Bayesian inference of solar and stellar magnetic fields in the weak-field approximation
• On spectropolarimetric measurements with visible lines
• Mesogranulation and small-scale dynamo action in the quiet Sun
• Explosive Events and the Evolution of the Photospheric Magnetic Field
• The dark side of solar photospheric G-band bright points
• Photospheric magnetic topology of a north polar region
• On the inversion of Stokes profiles with local stray-light contamination
• Transport of internetwork magnetic flux elements in the solar photosphere
• Linear Polarization Features in the Quiet-Sun Photosphere: Structure and Dynamics
• Statistical analysis of the very quiet Sun magnetism
• Magnetic Coupling in the Quiet Solar Atmosphere
• Small-Scale Magnetic Fields are Critical to Shaping Solar Gamma-Ray Emission
• What Is the Source of Quiet Sun Transition Region Emission?
• Inferring Line-of-Sight Velocities and Doppler Widths from Stokes Profiles of GST/NIRIS Using Stacked Deep Neural Networks
• Strength distribution of solar magnetic fields in photospheric quiet Sun regions
• Acceleration of Type 2 Spicules in the Solar Chromosphere - 2: Viscous Braking and Upper Bounds on Coronal Energy Input
• Inversion of Stokes Profiles with Systematic Effects
• The polarization signature of photospheric magnetic fields in 3D MHD simulations and observations at disk center
• Surface Flux Transport Modeling using Physics Informed Neural Networks
• Retrieval of solar magnetic fields from high-spatial resolution filtergraph data: the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX)
• A New Approach to Solar Flare Prediction
• Internetwork Magnetic Fields Seen in Fe I 1564.8 nm
• Magnetic field distribution in the quiet Sun: a simplified model approach
• Horizontal Magnetic Fields in the Solar Photosphere
• Spectropolarimetric diagnostics of unresolved magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere
• Size matters
• An iterative OLA method for inversion of solar spectropolarimetric data: I. Single and multiple variable inversions of thermodynamic quantities
• Emergence of internetwork magnetic fields through the solar atmosphere
• Signature of Collision of Magnetic Flux Tubes in the Quiet Solar Photosphere