Thermal and Chemical Freeze-out in Spectator Fragmentation

Abstract

Isotope temperatures from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and carbon isotopic yields, and excited-state temperatures from yield ratios of particle-unstable resonances in 4He, 5Li, and 8Be, were determined for spectator fragmentation, following collisions of 197Au with targets ranging from C to Au at incident energies of 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon. A deviation of the isotopic from the excited-state temperatures is observed which coincides with the transition from residue formation to multi-fragment production, suggesting a chemical freeze-out prior to thermal freeze-out in bulk disintegrations.

arXiv comment14 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, small changes as suggested by the editors and referees

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• Isotopic Transparency in Central Xe+Sn Collisions at 100 MeV/nucleon
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