Temperature determined by isobaric yield ratio in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

This work focuses on the study of temperature associated with the final heavy fragments in reactions induced by both the neutron-proton symmetric and the neutron-rich projectiles, and with incident energy ranges from 60$A$ MeV to 1$A$ GeV. Isobaric yield ratio (IYR) is used to determine the temperature of heavy fragments. Cross sections of measured fragment in reactions are analyzed, and a modified statistical abrasion-ablation (SAA) model is used to calculate the yield of fragment in 140$A$ MeV ${}^{64}$Ni + ${}^9$Be and 1$A$ GeV ${}^{136}$Xe + ${}^{208}$Pb reactions. Relatively low $T$ of heavy fragments are obtained in different reactions ($T$ ranges from 1 to 3MeV). $T$ is also found to depend on the neutron-richness of the projectile. The incident energy affects $T$ very little. $\Delta \mu /T$ (the ratio of the difference between the chemical potential of neutron and proton to temperature) is found to increase linearly as $N/Z$ of projectile increases. It is found that $T$ of the ${}^{48}$Ca reaction, for which IYRs are of $A<50$ isobars, is affected greatly by the temperature-corrected $\Delta B(T)$. But $T$ of reactions using IYRs of heavier fragments are only slightly affected by the temperature-corrected $\Delta B(T)$. The SAA model analysis gives a consistent overview of the results extracted in this work. $T$ from IYR, which is for secondary fragment, is different from that of the hot emitting source. $T$ and $\Delta \mu$ are essentially governed by the sequential decay process.

7 pages, 6 figures

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• Neutron-skin effects in isobaric yield ratio for mirror nuclei in statistical abrasion-ablation model
• Neutron Density Distributions of Neutron-Rich Nuclei Studied with the Isobaric Yield Ratio Difference
• Chemical Property of Colliding Sources in 124,136Xe and 112,124Sn Induced Collisions in Isobaric Ratio Difference and Isoscaling Methods
• A Scaling Phenomenon in Shannon Information Uncertainty Difference of fragments in Heavy-ion Collisions
• Isobaric yield ratio difference between the 140 $A$ MeV ${}^{58,64}$Ni + ${}^9$Be reactions studied by antisymmetric molecular dynamics model
• Isotopic ratio, isotonic ratio, isobaric ratio and Shannon information uncertainty
• Improved Thermometer from Intermediate Mass Fragments in Heavy-Ion Collisions with Isobaric Yield Ratio Difference
• Residue Coulomb interaction among isobars and its influence in symmetry energy of neutron-rich fragment
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• Predictions for cross sections of light proton-rich isotopes in ${}^{40}$Ca + ${}^9$Be reaction
• Pairing-energy coefficients of neutron-rich fragments in spallation reactions