The Origin of the Magellanic Stream and Its Leading Arm

Abstract

We explore the Magellanic Stream (MS) using a Gaussian decomposition of the HI velocity profiles in the Leiden-Argentine-Bonn (LAB) all-sky HI survey. This decomposition exposes the MS to be composed of two filaments distinct both spatially (as first pointed out by Putman et al.) and in velocity. Using the velocity coherence of the filaments, one can be traced back to its origin in what we identify as the SouthEast HI Overdensity (SEHO) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which includes 30 Doradus. Parts of the Leading Arm (LA) can also be traced back to the SEHO in velocity and position. Therefore, at least one-half of the trailing Stream and most of the LA originates in the LMC, contrary to previous assertions that both the MS and the LA originate in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and/or in the Magellanic Bridge. The two MS filaments show strong periodic, undulating spatial and velocity patterns that we speculate are an imprint of the LMC rotation curve. If true, then the drift rate of the Stream gas away from the Magellanic Clouds is ~49 km/s and the age of the MS is ~1.74 Gyr. The Staveley-Smith et al. high-resolution HI data of the LMC show gas outflows from supergiant shells in the SEHO that seem to be creating the LA and LMC filament of the MS. Blowout of LMC gas is an effect not previously accounted for but one that probably plays an important role in creating the MS and LA.

arXiv comment31 pages, 26 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (57)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• Dark Matter Substructure in Galactic Halos
• A 2MASS All-Sky View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy: I. Morphology of the Sagittarius Core and Tidal Arms
• Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos I: Methods
• The Field of Streams: Sagittarius and its Siblings
• The Ghost of Sagittarius and Lumps in the Halo of the Milky Way
• Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) I: Overview and Initial Results
• New Understanding of Large Magellanic Cloud Structure, Dynamics and Orbit from Carbon Star Kinematics
• Are the Magellanic Clouds on their First Passage about the Milky Way?
• Detection of massive tidal tails around the globular cluster Pal 5 with SDSS commissioning data
• Highly-Ionized High-Velocity Gas in the Vicinity of the Galaxy
• Great Circle tidal streams: evidence for a nearly spherical massive dark halo around the Milky Way
• A Low Latitude Halo Stream around the Milky Way
• The Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: The Large Magellanic Cloud Stellar Catalog and Extinction Map
• The Star Formation History of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: The Small Magellanic Cloud Stellar Catalog and Extinction Map
• Distances and Metallicities of High- and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds
• N-body Simulations of the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Magellanic Stream
• The Proper Motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud using HST
• The Magellanic Stream, High-Velocity Clouds and the Sculptor Group
• A Prescription for Building the Milky Way's Halo from Disrupted Satellites
• Is the SMC Bound to the LMC? The HST Proper Motion of the SMC
• The disruption of nearby galaxies by the Milky Way
• A New Look at the Large-Scale HI Structure of the LMC
• The Parkes HI Survey of the Magellanic System
• Detection of a 60 Degree-Long Dwarf Galaxy Debris Stream
• Chemical Evolution of the Magellanic Clouds: analytical models
• The Spitzer Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: S3MC Imaging and Photometry in the Mid- and Far-Infrared Wavebands
• The Origin of the Magellanic Stream
• Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars XI: The Tidal Tails of the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal and the Discovery of Magellanic Cloud Stars in the Carina Foreground
• Magellanic Cloud Structure from Near-IR Surveys II: Star Count Maps and the Intrinsic Elongation of the LMC
• The gravitational and hydrodynamical interaction between the LMC and the Galaxy
• A Search for Old Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A revised and extended catalog of Magellanic System clusters, associations and emission nebulae. II. the LMC
• N-body simulations of the Magellanic Stream
• Substructure in Tidal Streams; Tributaries in the Anticenter Ring
• A 22 Degree Tidal Tail for Palomar 5
• A high sensitivity HI survey of the sky at delta < -25 deg Final data release
• The Star Formation History of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Chandra/ACIS Study of 30 Doradus I. Superbubbles and Supernova Remnants
• The Magellanic Bridge: The Nearest Purely Tidal Stellar Population
• Structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud from 2MASS
• New Photometry for the Intermediate-age LMC Globular Cluster NGC 2121 and the Nature of the LMC Age Gap
• The Neutral Hydrogen Distribution in Merging Galaxies: Differences between Stellar and Gaseous Tidal Morphologies
• The small-scale structure of the Magellanic Stream
• A 4.8- and 8.6-GHz Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: I The Images
• High Resolution \hi observations of the Western Magellanic Bridge
• Deep H I observations of the compact high-velocity cloud HVC125+41-207
• Highly ionised plasma in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Evidence for outflows and a possible galactic wind
• FUSE Observations of the Magellanic Bridge Gas toward Two Early-Type Stars: Molecules, Physical Conditions, and Relative Abundance
• Dynamical evolution of high velocity clouds in the intergalactic medium
• The high-velocity clouds and the Magellanic Clouds
• High-resolution N-body Simulations of Galactic Cannibalism: The Magellanic Stream
• High speed outflows driven by the 30 Doradus starburst
• Feedback from Multiple Supernova Explosions inside a Wind-Blown Bubble

Cited by in corpus (193)

• The Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy: a Model for Evolution in a Triaxial Milky Way Halo
• Gaseous Galaxy Halos
• The Role of Dwarf Galaxy Interactions in Shaping the Magellanic System and Implications for Magellanic Irregulars
• The VMC Survey - I. Strategy and First Data
• Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation
• Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
• Simulations of the Magellanic Stream in a First Infall Scenario
• The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater
• Probing Galactic Halos with Fast Radio Bursts
• The Tidal Origin of the Magellanic Stream and the Possibility of a Stellar Counterpart
• Dwarf Galaxy Planes: the discovery of symmetric structures in the Local Group
• The 200 Degree-Long Magellanic Stream System
• The Magellanic Stream: Circumnavigating the Galaxy
• Planck intermediate results. XVII. Emission of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium from the far-infrared to microwave frequencies
• And yet it moves: The dangers of artificially fixing the Milky Way center of mass in the presence of a massive Large Magellanic Cloud
• The COS/UVES Absorption Survey of the Magellanic Stream. III: Ionization, Total Mass, and Inflow Rate onto the Milky Way
• A Magellanic Origin of the DES Dwarfs
• Hydra II: a faint and compact Milky Way dwarf galaxy found in the Survey of the Magellanic Stellar History
• Gaia Proper Motions and Orbits of the Ultra-Faint Milky Way Satellites
• A new, large-scale map of interstellar reddening derived from HI emission
• Ram Pressure Stripping of the Large Magellanic Cloud's Disk as a Probe of the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• Kinematics and chemistry of recently discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 dwarf galaxies
• SMASH - Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History
• A Population of Accreted SMC Stars in the LMC
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Dwarf Galaxies Hydra II and Pisces II and the Globular Cluster Laevens 1
• The metallicity gradient as a tracer of history and structure: the Magellanic Clouds and M33 galaxies
• Discovery of two neighboring satellites in the Carina constellation with MagLiteS
• The VMC Survey. XXV. The 3D structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud from Classical Cepheids
• What FIREs Up Star Formation: the Emergence of the Kennicutt-Schmidt Law from Feedback
• Orbits of Massive Satellite Galaxies: I. A Close Look at the Large Magellanic Cloud and a New Orbital History for M33
• Magellan/M2FS Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and Grus 1
• Evidence for a Massive, Extended Circumgalactic Medium Around the Andromeda Galaxy
• At the survey limits: discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data
• Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge
• Limit on the LMC mass from a census of its satellites
• Clouds, Streams and Bridges. Redrawing the blueprint of the Magellanic System with Gaia DR1
• Under Pressure: Quenching Star Formation in Low-Mass Satellite Galaxies via Stripping
• High-velocity clouds as streams of ionized and neutral gas in the halo of the Milky Way
• An Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early Data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey
• Exploring the Origin and Fate of the Magellanic Stream with Ultraviolet and Optical Absorption
• Two Ultra-Faint Milky Way Stellar Systems Discovered in Early Data from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey
• GASKAP -- The Galactic ASKAP Survey
• The Magellanic Stream System: I. Ram-pressure tails and the relics of the collision between the Magellanic Clouds
• A Catalog of Ultra-compact High Velocity Clouds from the ALFALFA Survey: Local Group Galaxy Candidates?
• A 10 kpc stellar substructure at the edge of the Large Magellanic Cloud: perturbed outer disk or evidence for tidal stripping?
• The new Milky Way satellites: alignment with the VPOS and predictions for proper motions and velocity dispersions
• Fossil imprint of a powerful flare at the Galactic Centre along the Magellanic Stream
• A new all-sky map of Galactic high-velocity clouds from the 21-cm HI4PI survey
• The COS/UVES Absorption Survey of the Magellanic Stream: II. Evidence for a complex enrichment history of the Stream from the Fairall 9 sightline
• Autonomous Gaussian Decomposition
• Stellar streams around the Magellanic Clouds
• Dust input from AGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The COS/UVES Absorption Survey of the Magellanic Stream: I. One-Tenth Solar Abundances along the Body of the Stream
• Project AMIGA: The Circumgalactic Medium of Andromeda
• Magnetic Field Structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Faraday Rotation Measures of Diffuse Polarized Emission
• Reproducing properties of MW dSphs as descendants of DM-free TDGs
• Spatially resolved LMC star formation history: I. Outside in evolution of the outer LMC disk
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. IX. The interstellar medium seen through Diffuse Interstellar Bands and neutral sodium
• Gas depletion in Local Group dwarfs on ~250 kpc scales: Ram pressure stripping assisted by internal heating at early times
• Revealing the tidal scars of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• An Improved Calibration of the Wavelength Dependence of Metallicity on the Cepheid Leavitt law
• Properties of cold and warm HI gas phases derived from a Gaussian decomposition of HI4PI data
• NGC6240: A triple nucleus system in the advanced or final state of merging
• Ships Passing in the Night: Spectroscopic Analysis of Two Ultra-Faint Satellites in the Constellation Carina
• The large-scale ionization cones in the Galaxy
• The Pisces Plume and the Magellanic Wake
• The many streams of the Magellanic Stream
• The Origin of the Microlensing Events Observed Towards the LMC and the Stellar Counterpart of the Magellanic Stream
• The Magellanic Corona and the formation of the Magellanic Stream
• Proper Motion Study of the Magellanic Clouds using SPM material
• Toward a Complete Understanding of the Magellanic Stream Formation
• An Updated SMC and Magellanic Bridge Catalog of Star Clusters, Associations and Related Objects
• Models of Tidally Induced Gas Filaments in the Magellanic Stream
• Clouds in Arms
• The Mass Inflow and Outflow Rates of the Milky Way
• Evidence for an Interaction in the Nearest Starbursting Dwarf Irregular Galaxy IC 10
• Molecular and Atomic Gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud - I. Conditions for CO Detection
• YZiCS: Preprocessing of dark halos in the hydrodynamic zoom-in simulation of clusters
• The Clouds are breaking: tracing the Magellanic system with Gaia DR1 Mira variables
• Discovery of an Ultra-Faint Stellar System near the Magellanic Clouds with the DECam Local Volume Exploration (DELVE) Survey
• SMASHing THE LMC: Mapping a Ring-like Stellar Overdensity in the LMC Disk
• Intermediate- and high-velocity clouds in the Milky Way I: covering factors and vertical heights
• Properties and Origin of the High-Velocity Gas Toward the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Genetic Approach to the History of the Magellanic Clouds
• METAL: The Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large Magellanic Cloud Hubble program. II. Variations of interstellar depletions and dust-to-gas ratio within the LMC
• SMC west halo: a slice of the galaxy that is being tidally stripped? Star clusters trace age and metallicity gradients
• The VMC Survey -- XLVIII. Classical Cepheids unveil the 3D geometry of the LMC
• The Large Magellanic Cloud stellar content with SMASH: I. Assessing the stability of the Magellanic spiral arms
• The VMC survey XXX. Stellar proper motions in the central parts of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Second Data Release of the Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History (SMASH)
• The Magellanic Stream: break up and accretion onto the hot Galactic corona
• The Milky Way's stellar streams and globular clusters do not align in a Vast Polar Structure
• The Quest for the Missing Dust: II -- Two Orders of Magnitude of Evolution in the Dust-to-Gas Ratio Resolved Within Local Group Galaxies
• Magellanic Mayhem: Metallicities and Motions
• The Magellanic System: the puzzle of the leading gas stream
• The VMC survey -- XLI. Stellar proper motions within the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Cosmic Ray Driven Outflows from the Large Magellanic Cloud: Contributions to the LMC Filament
• The HI Chronicles of LITTLE THINGS BCDs II: The Origin of IC 10's HI Structure
• The VISCACHA survey -- III. Star clusters counterpart of the Magellanic Bridge and Counter-Bridge in 8D
• Discovery of the Magellanic Stellar Stream Out to 100 Kiloparsecs
• Gaia view of a stellar sub-structure in front of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo (FOGGIE). III. The Mocky Way: Investigating Biases in Observing the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• Chemical Abundances in the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream
• The four leading arms of the Magellanic Cloud system
• The Molecular Ridge Close to 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Evolution of dust and molecular hydrogen in the Magellanic System
• Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motions along the Sagittarius Stream: I. Observations and Results for Stars in Four Fields
• Distant Echoes of the Milky Way's Last Major Merger
• The Magellanic Edges Survey I. Description and First Results
• Rotation of the Milky Way and the formation of the Magellanic Stream
• Sensitive 21cm Observations of Neutral Hydrogen in the Local Group near M31
• Origin of structural and kinematical properties of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Discovery of a disrupting open cluster far into the Milky Way halo: a recent star formation event in the leading arm of the Magellanic stream?
• The Magellanic Stream and Debris Clouds
• Probing the Southern Fermi Bubble in Ultraviolet Absorption using Distant AGNs
• The VMC survey - XVII. The proper motion of the Small Magellanic Cloud and of the Milky Way globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• To the Galactic Virial Radius with Hyper Suprime-Cam
• A faint halo star cluster discovered in the Blanco Imaging of the Southern Sky Survey
• Kinematical Structure of the Magellanic System
• Formation of the off-center bar in the Large Magellanic Cloud: A collision with a dark satellite ?
• GASS High Velocity Clouds in the Region of the Magellanic Leading Arm
• Revealing the Ionization Properties of the Magellanic Stream using Optical Emission
• Down-the-barrel and transverse observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud: evidence for a symmetrical galactic wind on the near and far sides of the galaxy
• Compressed magnetized shells of atomic gas and the formation of the Corona Australis molecular cloud
• Project AMIGA: A Minimal Covering Factor for Optically Thick Circumgalactic Gas Around the Andromeda Galaxy
• Galaxy Evolution in Local Group Analogs. I. A GALEX study of nearby groups
• Structured star formation in the Magellanic inter-Cloud region
• Ca II Triplet Spectroscopy of Small Magellanic Cloud Red Giants. V. Abundances and Velocities for 12 Massive Clusters
• Kinematics of the Magellanic Stream and Implications for its Ionization
• Gaussian decomposition of HI surveys. V. Search for very cold clouds
• The Magellanic Edges Survey III. Kinematics of the disturbed LMC outskirts
• Deep SOAR follow-up photometry of two Milky Way outer-halo companions discovered with Dark Energy Survey
• The Fate of Supernova-Heated Gas in Star-Forming Regions of the LMC: Lessons for Galaxy Formation?
• Tidally stripped halo stars from the Large Magellanic Cloud in the Galactic North
• Spectroscopy of the Young Stellar Association Price-Whelan 1: Origin in the Magellanic Leading Arm and Constraints on the Milky Way Hot Halo
• Discovery of Magellanic Stellar Debris in the H3 Survey
• New constraints on the nature and origin of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream
• H I Kinematics of the Large Magellanic Cloud revisited : Evidence of possible infall and outflow
• The QuaStar Survey: Detecting Hidden Low-Velocity Gas in the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• Exploring the interaction between the MW and LMC with a large sample of blue horizontal branch stars from the DESI survey
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of the Lowest-Mass Galaxies: A Case Study of IC 1613
• Presence of red giant population in the foreground stellar sub-structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Radiative Turbulent Mixing Layers and the Survival of Magellanic Debris
• Ca II Triplet Spectroscopy of Small Magellanic Cloud Red Giants. VI. Analysis of chemical properties of the Main Body
• All-Sky Kinematics of the Distant Halo: The Reflex Response to the LMC
• Spatial motion of the Magellanic Clouds. Tidal models ruled out?
• Properties of the Magellanic Corona
• Tentative Detection of the Circumgalactic Medium of the Isolated Low-Mass Dwarf Galaxy WLM
• The Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Stellar streams around the Magellanic Clouds in 4D
• Cool Gas in the Magellanic Stream
• The relationship between gas and galaxies at z<1 using the Q0107 quasar triplet
• Probing the Structure and Kinematics of the transition Layer between the Magellanic Stream and the Halo in HI
• Mapping the Supernovae Driven Winds of the Large Magellanic Cloud in H$\alpha$ Emission I
• H$\alpha$ Distances to the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream
• Exploring Hydrodynamic Instabilities along the Infalling High-Velocity Cloud Complex A
• Cold HI ejected into the Magellanic Stream
• Large and small-scale structure of the Intermediate and High Velocity Clouds towards the LMC and SMC
• Lessons from the Magellanic System and its modeling
• UVIT Study of the MAgellanic Clouds (U-SMAC) II. A Far-UV catalog of the Small Magellanic Cloud: Morphology and Kinematics of young stellar population
• A Magellanic origin for the Virgo substructure
• Chemical Composition of Young Stars in the Leading Arm of the Magellanic System
• The Magellanic Puzzle: origin of the periphery
• Braving the Storm: Quantifying Disk-wide Ionized Outflows in the Large Magellanic Cloud with ULLYSES
• The Diffuse Ionized Gas of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Kinematics of stellar substructures in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The VMC survey -- LIV. The internal kinematics of the LMC with new VISTA observations
• Young stars raining through the Galactic Halo: the nature and orbit of Price-Whelan 1
• On the Apparent Associations between Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen Structure and (WMAP) High Frequency Continuum Emission
• Chemo-Dynamical Tagging in the Outskirts: The Origins of Stellar Substructures in the Magellanic Clouds
• The Origin of the X-ray Emission from the High-velocity Cloud MS30.7-81.4-118
• UVIT Study of the MAgellanic Clouds (U-SMAC) I. Recent star formation history and kinematics of the Shell region in the North-Eastern Small Magellanic Cloud
• Kinematical Analysis of Substructure in the Southern Periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• High-resolution absorption spectroscopy of the circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way
• Following the tidal trail: a history of modeling the Magellanic Stream
• The Evolution of Magellanic-like Galaxy Pairs and The Production of Magellanic Stream Analogues in Simulations with Tides, Ram Pressure, and Stellar Feedback
• The Pristine survey XXVIII. Journey to the Galactic outskirts: Mapping the outer halo red giant stars down to the very metal-poor end
• The Origins of Young Stars in the Direction of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream: Abundances, Kinematics, and Orbits
• A Primeval Magellanic Stream and Others
• Distant probes of RM structure -- Where is the Faraday Rotation towards the Magellanic Leading Arm?
• The Long Tails of the Pegasus-Pisces Arch Intermediate Velocity Cloud
• Considerations with stacking absorption spectra: cold HI gas in cirrus region of the Milky Way
• Magellanic System Stars Identified in SMACS J0723.3-7327 James Webb Space Telescope Early Release Observations Images
• The Discovery and Origin of A Very-High Velocity Cloud Toward M33
• A Search for 3-mm Molecular Absorption Line Transitions in the Magellanic Stream
• The Binarity of the Magellanic Clouds and the Formation of the Magellanic Stream
• In-Situ Star Formation in the Outskirts of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Gaia DR2 Confirmation
• Bayesian inference methodology to characterize the dust emissivity at far-infrared and submillimeter frequencies
• On the origin of the anomalous gas, non-declining rotation curve and disc asymmetries in NGC253
• The VMC survey -- XLVI. Stellar proper motions in the centre of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Limits on the HI content of the dwarf galaxy Hydra II
• The star formation process in the Magellanic Clouds
• The signature of large scale turbulence driving on the structure of the interstellar medium