On the likelihood of supernova enrichment of protoplanetary disks

Abstract

We estimate the likelihood of direct injection of supernova ejecta into protoplanetary disks using a model in which the number of stars with disks decreases linearly with time, and clusters expand linearly with time such that their surface density is independent of stellar number. The similarity of disk dissipation and main sequence lifetimes implies that the typical supernova progenitor is very massive, ~ 75-100 Msun. Such massive stars are found only in clusters with > 10^4 members. Moreover, there is only a small region around a supernova within which disks can survive the blast yet be enriched to the level observed in the Solar System. These two factors limit the overall likelihood of supernova enrichment of a protoplanetary disk to < 1%. If the presence of short lived radionucleides in meteorites is to be explained in this way, however, the Solar System most likely formed in one of the largest clusters in the Galaxy, more than two orders of magnitude greater than Orion, where multiple supernovae impacted many disks in a short period of time.

arXiv commentaccepted to ApJ Letters

References in corpus (15)

• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds
• Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters
• The Formation of Massive Stars from Turbulent Cores
• 2MASS Observations of the Perseus, Orion A, Orion B, and Monoceros R2 Molecular Clouds
• An upper limit to the masses of stars
• Early Evolution of Stellar Groups and Clusters: Environmental Effects on Forming Planetary Systems
• Constraints on the Birth Aggregate of the Solar System
• A Study of the Luminosity and Mass Functions of the Young IC 348 Cluster using FLAMINGOS Wide-Field Near-Infrared Images
• SPITZER/IRAC-MIPS Survey of NGC2244: Protostellar Disk Survival in the Vicinity of Hot Stars
• Constraining the Lifetime of Circumstellar Disks in the Terrestrial Planet Zone: A Mid-IR Survey of the 30-Myr-old Tucana-Horologium Association
• Young Circumstellar Disks Near Evolved Massive Stars and Supernovae
• Massive Protoplanetary Disks in the Trapezium Region
• Radioactive Probes of the Supernova-Contaminated Solar Nebula: Evidence that the Sun was Born in a Cluster
• The Masses of the Orion Proplyds from Submillimeter Dust Emission

Cited by in corpus (34)

• The Birth Environment of the Solar System
• The Long-term Evolution of the Galactic Disk Traced by Dissolving Star Clusters
• Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
• Solar system genealogy revealed by extinct short-lived radionuclides in meteorites
• Radioactive nuclei from cosmochronology to habitability
• Al-26 and the formation of the Solar System from a molecular cloud contaminated by Wolf-Rayet winds
• Volatile Delivery to Planets from Water-rich Planetesimals around Low Mass Stars
• UV Radiation Fields Produced by Young Embedded Star Clusters
• The origin of short-lived radionuclides and the astrophysical environment of solar system formation
• Proplyds and Massive Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster Imaged with CARMA and SMA
• Early evolution of the birth cluster of the solar system
• Cross Sections for Planetary Systems Interacting with Passing Stars and Binaries
• Heterogeneous distribution of Al-26 at the birth of the Solar System
• The Supernova Triggered Formation and Enrichment of Our Solar System
• What are little worlds made of? Stellar abundances and the building blocks of planets
• Supernova Propagation And Cloud Enrichment: A new model for the origin of ${}^{60}$Fe in the early solar system
• Triggering Collapse of the Presolar Dense Cloud Core and Injecting Short-Lived Radioisotopes with a Shock Wave. I. Varied Shock Speeds
• Isotopic enrichment of forming planetary systems from supernova pollution
• Elemental Abundances of Solar Sibling Candidates
• Disk masses in the Orion Molecular Cloud-2: distinguishing time and environment
• Mixing of Clumpy Supernova Ejecta into Molecular Clouds
• The Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula Cluster
• The Role of Massive Agb Stars in the Early Solar System Composition
• Short-lived radioactivity in the early Solar System: the Super-AGB star hypothesis
• Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion OMC1 Region Imaged with ALMA
• Distributions of Short-Lived Radioactive Nuclei Produced by Young Embedded Stellar Clusters
• Cradle(s) of the Sun
• The AMBRE Project: searching for the closest solar siblings
• The Destruction of an Oort Cloud in a rich stellar cluster
• The Astrophysical Environment of the Solar Birthplace
• Theoretical Distributions of Short-Lived Radionuclides for Star Formation in Molecular Clouds
• Hypothesis about Enrichment of Solar System
• The Early Solar System - Chapter 6
• Telescopes versus Microscopes: the puzzle of Iron-60