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astro-ph.SR2026

The relationship between solar and stellar tachoclines, dynamos, and spin-down

Loren I. Matilsky, Lydia Korre, Nicholas Brummell

The solar tachocline, a thin shear layer separating the differentially rotating convective zone (CZ) from the underlying rigidly rotating radiative zone (RZ), remains a dynamical m…

astro-ph.SR2026

A Statistical Survey of Faint Solar X-ray Transients Observed by NuSTAR

Reed B. Masek, Lindsay Glesener, Jessie Duncan +14

In this paper, we use a highly sensitive telescope to characterize solar X-ray transients ranging from microflares in active regions down to weakly energetic brightenings in the qu…

astro-ph.SR2026

Joint Diagnostics of Circumsolar Sky Brightness Using Coronagraphic Measurements and Aerosol Optical Inversions at Mauna Loa

Thomas A. Schad, Paul Bryans, Andre Fehlmann +5

Atmospheric aerosols strongly influence daytime sky quality for solar coronal imaging, yet few studies directly link aerosol properties and sky-brightness measurements within ~2° o…

astro-ph.SR2026★ 1 cited

Quiet Sun impulsive events observed with NuSTAR during solar minimum

Sarah Paterson, Iain G. Hannah, Brian W. Grefenstette +6

The investigation of small-scale energy release in the Sun's atmosphere is important in understanding how the corona is heated. Previous work has been able to study small EUV and S…

astro-ph.SR2026

Featureless stars: Flux Calibration for Extremely Large Telescopes

Ryan Cooke, Nao Suzuki, J. Xavier Prochaska

The spectrophotometric flux calibration of recent spectroscopic surveys has reached a limiting systematic precision of approximately 1-3 percent, and is often biased near the wavel…

astro-ph.SR2025★ 2 cited

The Binary Fraction of Stars in the Dwarf Galaxy Ursa Minor via Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Tian Qiu, Wenting Wang, Sergey Koposov +45

We utilize multi-epoch line-of-sight velocity measurements from the Milky Way Survey of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument to estimate the binary fraction for member stars in…

astro-ph.SR2025

An extremely fast fading population II dwarf nova candidate: caught spectroscopically on the rise

Natasha Van Bemmel, Jielai Zhang, Jeff Cooke +14

We present AT2022kak, a rapidly evolving optical transient discovered by the KiloNova and Transients Program (KNTraP). This interesting burst exhibited extremely fast evolution, wi…

astro-ph.SR2025★ 4 cited

An axisymmetric shock breakout indicated by prompt polarized emission from the type II supernova 2024ggi

Yi Yang, Xudong Wen, Lifan Wang +18

The death of massive stars is triggered by an infall-induced bounce shock that disrupts the star. How such a shock is launched and propagates through the star is a decade-long puzz…

astro-ph.SR2025★ 3 cited

Conversion and Damping of Nonaxisymmetric Internal Gravity Waves in Magnetized Stellar Cores

Cy S. David, Daniel Lecoanet, Pascale Garaud

Magnetism is thought to play an important role in the evolution and dynamics of stars, though little is known about magnetic fields deep within stellar interiors. A promising avenu…

astro-ph.SR2025

Diversity of Cold Worlds: Predicted Near- to Mid-infrared Spectral Signatures of a Cold Brown Dwarf with Potential Auroral Heating

Genaro Suárez, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Ben Burningham +12

Recent JWST/NIRSpec observations have revealed strong methane emission at 3.326 microns in the 482 K brown dwarf CWISEP J193518.59154620.3 (W1935). Atmospheric modeling…

astro-ph.SR2025★ 1 cited

Apache Point Observatory follow-up of ACcelerating Candidate ExopLanet host Stars (APO ACCELS): Ages for 166 Accelerating Stars in the Northern Hemisphere

Anne E. Peck, Eric L. Nielsen, Robert J. De Rosa +14

Directly imaged substellar companions with well-constrained ages and masses serve as vital empirical benchmarks for planet formation and evolution models. Potential benchmark compa…

astro-ph.SR2025★ 2 cited

A 1.48-2.48 m R=28000 spectroscopic atlas of the L7.5 and T0.5 components of the nearest pair of brown dwarfs: Luhman 16AB

Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa, Stanimir Metchev, Megan E. Tannock +6

We present a high signal-to-noise (SNR 450), high-dispersion () H- and K-band spectroscopic atlas of the L7.5 and T0.5 components of the Luhman 1…

astro-ph.SR2025

Carbon Stars From Gaia DR3 and the Space Density of Dwarf Carbon Stars

Benjamin R. Roulston, Naunet Leonhardes-Barboza, Paul J. Green +1

Carbon stars (with atmospheric C/O) range widely in temperature and luminosity, from low mass dwarfs to asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB). The main sequence dwarf carbon (dC)…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 29 cited

The cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B is a close binary

Jerry W. Xuan, A. Mérand, W. Thompson +76

Owing to their similarities with giant exoplanets, brown dwarf companions of stars provide insights into the fundamental processes of planet formation and evolution. From their orb…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 7 cited

First joint X-ray solar microflare observations with NuSTAR and Solar Orbiter/STIX

Natália Bajnoková, Iain G. Hannah, Kristopher Cooper +5

We present the first joint spectral and imaging analysis of hard X-ray (HXR) emission from 3 microflares observed by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) and Solar Or…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 3 cited

Population synthesis of Thorne-Żytkow objects: Rejuvenated donors and unexplored progenitors in the common envelope formation channel

K. Nathaniel, A. Vigna-Gómez, A. Grichener +3

Context. Common envelope evolution of a massive star and a neutron star companion has two possible outcomes: formation of a short-period binary (a potential gravitational wave sour…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 18 cited

Rotation and Abundances of the Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 33632 Ab from Keck/KPIC High-resolution Spectroscopy

Chih-Chun Hsu, Jason J. Wang, Jerry W. Xuan +24

We present the projected rotational velocity and molecular abundances for HD 33632 Ab obtained via Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer high-resolution spectroscopy. HD 33632 Ab is…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 10 cited

Exploring the directly imaged HD 1160 system through spectroscopic characterization and high-cadence variability monitoring

Ben J. Sutlieff, Jayne L. Birkby, Jordan M. Stone +15

The time variability and spectra of directly imaged companions provide insight into their physical properties and atmospheric dynamics. We present follow-up R~40 spectrophotometric…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 17 cited

Fresh view of the hot brown dwarf HD 984 B through high-resolution spectroscopy

J. C. Costes, J. W. Xuan, A. Vigan +26

Context. High-resolution spectroscopy has the potential to drive a better understanding of the atmospheric composition, physics, and dynamics of young exoplanets and brown dwarfs,…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 2 cited

PHL 5038AB: Is the brown dwarf causing pollution of its white dwarf host star?

S. L. Casewell, J. Debes, T. J. Dupuy +9

We present new results on PHL 5038AB, a widely separated binary system composed of a white dwarf and a brown dwarf, refining the white and brown dwarf parameters and determining th…

astro-ph.SR2024★ 18 cited

Direct-imaging Discovery of a Substellar Companion Orbiting the Accelerating Variable Star, HIP 39017

Taylor L. Tobin, Thayne Currie, Yiting Li +23

We present the direct-imaging discovery of a substellar companion (a massive planet or low-mass brown dwarf) to the young, Doradus-type variable star, HIP 39017 (HD 65526). The…

astro-ph.SR2023★ 4 cited

The physical properties of T Pyx as measured by MUSE I. The geometrical distribution of the ejecta and the distance to the remnant

L. Izzo, L. Pasquini, E. Aydi +8

T Pyx is one of the most enigmatic recurrent novae, and it has been proposed as a potential Galactic type-Ia supernova progenitor. Using spatially-resolved data obtained with MUSE,…

astro-ph.SR2023

CD-27 11535: Evidence for a Triple System in the Pictoris Moving Group

Andrew D. Thomas, Eric L. Nielsen, Robert J. De Rosa +20

We present new spatially resolved astrometry and photometry of the CD-27 11535 system, a member of the Pictoris moving group consisting of two resolved K-type stars on a …

astro-ph.SR2023

A Possible Correlation between Metallicity and Near-IR Color for Late-M and L Dwarfs

Ruihan Zhang, Michael C. Liu, Zhoujian Zhang

We examine the relationship between metallicity and color for 64 benchmark late-M and L dwarfs, all of which are wide companions to higher mass stars, and 6 of which are new…