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Looking for Companionship: Radial Velocity Follow-Up of Lithium-Rich Giants with ESPRESSO
Maryum Sayeed, Andrew R. Casey, Benjamin T. Montet +4
Lithium-rich red giants have been a long-standing mystery in stellar astrophysics. A leading theory to explain these chemically peculiar and rare objects is interactions with a clo…
Delayed and Displaced: The Impact of Binary Interactions on Core-collapse SN Feedback
Tom Wagg, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Mathieu Renzo +7
Core-collapse supernova feedback models in hydrodynamical simulations typically assume that all stars evolve as single stars. However, the majority of massive stars are formed in b…
Evidence of Truly Young high- Dwarf Stars
Yuxi Lu, Isabel L. Colman, Maryum Sayeed +14
The existence of high- stars with inferred ages < 6 Gyr has been confirmed recently with large spectroscopic and photometric surveys. However, stellar mergers or binary interact…
zoomies: A tool to infer stellar age from vertical action in Gaia data
Sheila Sagear, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Sarah Ballard +4
Stellar age measurements are fundamental to understanding a wide range of astronomical processes, including Galactic dynamics, stellar evolution, and planetary system formation. Ho…
Spectacular nucleosynthesis from early massive stars
Alexander P. Ji, Sanjana Curtis, Nicholas Storm +39
Stars formed with initial mass over 50 Msun are very rare today, but they are thought to be more common in the early universe. The fates of those early, metal-poor, massive stars a…
White dwarf binaries Across the H-R Diagram
Borja Anguiano, Steven R. Majewski, Keivan G. Stassun +7
We created the APOGEE-GALEX-\emph{Gaia} catalog to study white dwarfs binaries. This database aims to create a minimally biased sample of WD binary systems identified from a combin…
Unicorns and Giraffes in the binary zoo: stripped giants with subgiant companions
Kareem El-Badry, Rhys Seeburger, Tharindu Jayasinghe +5
We analyze two binary systems containing giant stars, V723 Mon ("the Unicorn") and 2M04123153+6738486 ("the Giraffe"). Both giants orbit more massive but less luminous companions,…
Double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the APOGEE DR16 and DR17 data
Marina Kounkel, Kevin R. Covey, Keivan G. Stassun +25
APOGEE spectra offer 1 km s precision in the measurement of stellar radial velocities (RVs). This holds even when multiple stars are captured in the same spectrum,…
Age-Dating Red Giant Stars Associated with Galactic Disk and Halo Substructures
Samuel K. Grunblatt, Joel C. Zinn, Adrian M. Price-Whelan +12
The vast majority of Milky Way stellar halo stars were likely accreted from a small number (3) of relatively large dwarf galaxy accretion events. However, the timing of t…
Orbital and stellar parameters for 2M06464003+0109157: a double-lined eclipsing binary of spotted, sub-solar twins
Annaliese Miller, Marina Kounkel, Chase Boggio +2
We calculated physical and orbital properties for 2M06464003+0109157, a 1.06 day eclipsing double lined spectroscopic binary. We modelled the system's ASAS-SN and TESS light curves…
The Close Binary Fraction as a Function of Stellar Parameters in APOGEE: A Strong Anti-Correlation With Abundances
Christine N. Mazzola, Carles Badenes, Maxwell Moe +20
We use observations from the APOGEE survey to explore the relationship between stellar parameters and multiplicity. We combine high-resolution repeat spectroscopy for 41,363 dwarf…
Exploring the evolution of stellar rotation using Galactic kinematics
Ruth Angus, Angus Beane, Adrian M. Price-Whelan +9
The rotational evolution of cool dwarfs is poorly constrained after around 1-2 Gyr due to a lack of precise ages and rotation periods for old main-sequence stars. In this work we u…
Close Binary Companions to APOGEE DR16 Stars: 20,000 Binary-star Systems Across the Color-Magnitude Diagram
Adrian M. Price-Whelan, David W. Hogg, Hans-Walter Rix +20
Many problems in contemporary astrophysics---from understanding the formation of black holes to untangling the chemical evolution of galaxies---rely on knowledge about binary stars…
Stellar multiplicity: an interdisciplinary nexus
Katelyn Breivik, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Daniel J. D'Orazio +5
Our uncertainties about binary star systems (and triples and so on) limit our capabilities in literally every single one of the Thematic Areas identified for Astro2020. We need to…
Stellar Astrophysics and Exoplanet Science with the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE)
Maria Bergemann, Daniel Huber, Vardan Adibekyan +70
The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) is a planned 11.25-m aperture facility with a 1.5 square degree field of view that will be fully dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy. A…
Tidal interactions between binary stars drives lithium production in low-mass red giants
Andrew R. Casey, Anna Y. Q. Ho, Melissa Ness +9
Theoretical models of stellar evolution predict that most of the lithium inside a star is destroyed as the star becomes a red giant. However, observations reveal that about 1% of r…
Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Orbital circularization
Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Jeremy Goodman
Short-period binary star systems dissipate orbital energy through tidal interactions that lead to tighter, more circular orbits. When at least one star in a binary has evolved off…
Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
Adrian M. Price-Whelan, David W. Hogg, Hans-Walter Rix +10
Multi-epoch radial velocity measurements of stars can be used to identify stellar, sub-stellar, and planetary-mass companions. Even a small number of observation epochs can be info…
Kronos & Krios: Evidence for accretion of a massive, rocky planetary system in a comoving pair of solar-type stars
Semyeong Oh, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, John M. Brewer +3
We report and discuss the discovery of a comoving pair of bright solar-type stars, HD 240430 and HD 240429, with a significant difference in their chemical abundances. The two star…
Spectroscopic confirmation of very-wide stellar binaries and large-separation comoving pairs from Gaia DR1
Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Semyeong Oh, David N. Spergel
Members of widely-separated stellar binaries (> 0.1 pc) or loosely bound stellar associations and clusters are born with small spreads in kinematics and chemistry, but disrupt and…
Comoving stars in Gaia DR1: An abundance of very wide separation co-moving pairs
Semyeong Oh, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, David W. Hogg +2
The primary sample of the {\it Gaia} Data Release 1 is the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS): 2 million Tycho-2 sources with improved parallaxes and proper motions r…
The Joker: A custom Monte Carlo sampler for binary-star and exoplanet radial velocity data
Adrian M. Price-Whelan, David W. Hogg, Daniel Foreman-Mackey +1
Given sparse or low-quality radial-velocity measurements of a star, there are often many qualitatively different stellar or exoplanet companion orbit models that are consistent wit…
The Mass Distribution of Companions to Low-Mass White Dwarfs
Jeff J. Andrews, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Marcel A. Agüeros
Measuring the masses of companions to single-line spectroscopic binary stars is (in general) not possible because of the unknown orbital plane inclination. Even when the mass of th…
Statistical Searches for Microlensing Events in Large, Non-Uniformly Sampled Time-Domain Surveys: A Test Using Palomar Transient Factory Data
Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Marcel A. Agüeros, Amanda P. Fournier +7
Many photometric time-domain surveys are driven by specific goals, such as searches for supernovae or transiting exoplanets, which set the cadence with which fields are re-imaged.…