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physics.space-ph2023★ 16 cited
Machine Learning Interpretability of Outer Radiation Belt Enhancement \& Depletion Events
Donglai Ma, Jacob Bortnik, Qianli Ma +2
We investigate the response of outer radiation belt electron fluxes to different solar wind and geomagnetic indices using an interpretable machine learning method. We reconstruct t…
physics.space-ph2022★ 29 cited
Opening the Black Box of the Radiation Belt Machine Learning Model
Donglai Ma, Jacob Bortnik, Xiangning Chu +3
Many Machine Learning (ML) systems, especially neural networks, are fundamentally regarded as black boxes since it is difficult to grasp how they function once they have been train…