287 citations · 336 across the 10 of their papers we have counts for
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Frequency analysis and resonant operation for efficient capacitive deionization
Ashwin Ramachandran, Steven A. Hawks, Michael Stadermann +1
Capacitive deionization (CDI) performance metrics can vary widely with operating methods. We here develop a theory around and experimentally demonstrate a new operation for CDI tha…
Performance Metrics for the Objective Assessment of Capacitive Deionization Systems
Steven A. Hawks, Ashwin Ramachandran, Slawomir Porada +5
In the growing field of capacitive deionization (CDI), a number of performance metrics have emerged to describe the desalination process. Unfortunately, the separation conditions u…
Thermodynamics of Ion Separation by Electrosorption
Ali Hemmatifar, Ashwin Ramachandran, Kang Liu +3
We present a simple, top-down approach for the calculation of minimum energy consumption of electrosorptive ion separation using variational form of the (Gibbs) free energy. We foc…