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The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams
D. Saumon, M. S. Marley
We present new evolution sequences for very low mass stars, brown dwarfs and giant planets and use them to explore a variety of influences on the evolution of these objects. We com…
Synthetic Spectra and Colors of Young Giant Planet Atmospheres: Effects of Initial Conditions and Atmospheric Metallicity
Jonathan J. Fortney, Mark S. Marley, Didier Saumon +1
We examine the spectra and infrared colors of the cool methane-dominated atmospheres at Teff < 1400 K expected for young gas giant planets. We couple these spectral calculations to…
HN Peg B: A Test of Models of the L to T Dwarf Transition
S. K. Leggett, D. Saumon, Loic Albert +7
Luhman and collaborators recently discovered an early-T dwarf companion to the G0 dwarf star HN Peg, using Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images. Companionship was establishe…
A Spectroscopic Binary at the M/L Transition
Cullen H. Blake, David Charbonneau, Russel J. White +3
We report the discovery of a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an Ultra Cool Dwarf (UCD) primary with a spectral type between M8 and L0.5. This system was discovered during th…
Multiepoch Radial Velocity Observations of L Dwarfs
Cullen H. Blake, David Charbonneau, Russel J. White +2
We report on the development of a technique for precise radial-velocity measurements of cool stars and brown dwarfs in the near infrared. Our technique is analogous to the Iodine (…
Physical and Spectral Characteristics of the T8 and Later-Type Dwarfs
S. K. Leggett, M. S. Marley, R. Freedman +5
We use new and published near-IR spectra, with synthetic spectra, to derive physical properties of three of the latest-type T dwarfs. A new R~1700 spectrum of the T7.5 dwarf HD 365…
Moderate Resolution Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Observations of M, L, and T Dwarfs
A. K. Mainzer, Thomas L. Roellig, D. Saumon +6
We present 10 - 19 um moderate resolution spectra of ten M dwarfs, one L dwarf, and two T dwarf systems obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) onboard the Spitzer Space Tele…
Physical parameters of two very cool T dwarfs
D. Saumon, M. S. Marley, S. K. Leggett +8
We present new infrared spectra of the T8 brown dwarf 2MASS J04151954-0935066: 2.9-4.1 micron spectra obtained with the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope, an…
3.6-7.9 um Photometry of L and T Dwarfs and the Prevalence of Vertical Mixing in their Atmospheres
S. K. Leggett, D. Saumon, M. S. Marley +4
We present new L' (3.75 um) photometry of six L and T dwarfs, and M' (4.70 um) photometry of ten L and T dwarfs, observed at Gemini Observatory, and new 3.55, 4.49, 5.73 and 7.87 u…
Found: The missing blue opacity in atmosphere models of cool hydrogen white dwarfs
P. M. Kowalski, D. Saumon
We investigate the importance of the far red wing of the Lyman line of hydrogen in the atmospheres of cool white dwarfs of pure hydrogen composition. We find that this absorpt…
A Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Spectral Sequence of M, L, and T Dwarfs
M. C. Cushing, T. L. Roellig, M. S. Marley +8
We present a low-resolution (R = 90), 5.5-38 micron spectral sequence of a sample of M, L, and T dwarfs obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) onboard the Spitzer Space Tele…
Ammonia as a tracer of chemical equilibrium in the T7.5 dwarf Gliese 570D
D. Saumon, M. S. Marley, M. C. Cushing +4
We present the first analysis of an optical to mid-infrared spectrum of the T7.5 dwarf Gliese 570D with model atmospheres, synthetic spectra, and brown dwarf evolution sequences. W…
Atmosphere, Interior, and Evolution of the Metal-Rich Transiting Planet HD 149026b
J. J. Fortney, D. Saumon, M. S. Marley +2
We investigate the atmosphere and interior of the new transiting planet HD 149026b, which appears to be very rich in heavy elements. We first compute model atmospheres at metallici…
Comparative Planetary Atmospheres: Models of TrES-1 and HD209458b
J. J. Fortney, M. S. Marley, K. Lodders +2
We present new self-consistent atmosphere models for transiting planets TrES-1 and HD209458b. The planets were recently observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope in bands centered…
The L to T Dwarf Transition
M. S. Marley, M. C. Cushing, D. Saumon
While the precise mechanism responsible for the L to T dwarf transition remains unclear, it is clearly caused by changing cloud characteristics. Here we briefly review data relevan…
Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of M, L, and T Dwarfs
T. L. Roellig, J. E. Van Cleve, G. C. Sloan +8
We present the first mid-infrared spectra of brown dwarfs, together with observations of a low-mass star. Our targets are the M3.5 dwarf GJ 1001A, the L8 dwarf DENIS-P J0255-4700,…
Shock Compression of Deuterium and the Interiors of Jupiter and Saturn
D. Saumon, T. Guillot
Recently, deuterium has been the focus of a high level of experimental and theoretical activity that was sparked by a disagreement on the experimental value of the maximum compress…
Radiative transfer in the refractive atmospheres of very cool white dwarfs
P. M. Kowalski, D. Saumon
We consider the problem of radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres where the index of refraction departs from unity and is a function of density and temperature. We present modif…
The Mid-Infrared Spectra of Brown Dwarfs
D. Saumon, M. S. Marley, K. Lodders
We present an analysis of brown dwarf model spectra in the mid-infrared spectral region (5 - 20 microns), in anticipation of data obtained with the Space Infrared Telescope Facilit…
Clouds and Clearings in the Atmospheres of the L and T Dwarfs
M. S. Marley, A. Ackerman, A. J. Burgasser +3
A sophisticated approach to condensate opacity is required to properly model the atmospheres of L and T dwarfs. Here we review different models for the treatment of condensates in…
Evidence for Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition
Adam J. Burgasser, Mark S. Marley, Andrew S. Ackerman +5
Clouds of metal-bearing condensates play a critical role in shaping the emergent spectral energy distributions of the coolest classes of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, L and T dw…
Response to Technical Comments regarding the paper "Direct Detection of Galactic Halo Dark Matter"
B. R. Oppenheimer, N. C. Hambly, A. P. Digby +2
We reply to the criticism of Gibson & Flynn and of Graff regarding "Direct detection of galactic halo dark matter" by Oppenheimer et al. (2001) (Science, Vol. 292, p. 698), which r…
Clouds and Chemistry: Ultracool Dwarf Atmospheric Properties from Optical and Infrared Colors
M. S. Marley, S. Seager, D. Saumon +4
The optical and infrared colors of L and T dwarfs are sensitive to cloud sedimentation and chemical equilibrium processes in their atmospheres. The i'-z' vs. J-K color-color diagra…
Infrared Observations and Modeling of one of the Coolest T Dwarfs, Gl 570D
T. R. Geballe, D. Saumon, S. K. Leggett +3
We have obtained a good quality R400 0.8-2.5 m spectrum and accurate photometry of Gl 570D, one of the coolest and least luminous brown dwarfs currently known. The spectru…