Quadratic magnetoelectric effect during field cooling in sputter grown Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ films

Muftah Al-Mahdawi, Tomohiro Nozaki, Mikihiko Oogane +3

Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ is the archetypal magnetoelectric (ME) material, which has a linear coupling between electric and magnetic polarizations. Quadratic ME effects are forbidden for the mag…