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The Balloon-borne VLBI Experiment (BVEX) Radio Telescope and Position Tracking System
Felix M. Thiel, Mayukh Bagchi, Laura M. Fissel +17
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a technique in radio astronomy that vastly increases the diffraction limited angular resolution of radio observations by correlating sim…
An RFSoC-based Backend and Timing System for the Balloon-borne Very Long Baseline Interferometry Experiment
Mayukh Bagchi, Felix M. Thiel, Laura M. Fissel +13
We present the design and performance characterization of the digital backend and precision-timing system for the Balloon-borne Very Long Baseline Interferometry Experiment (BVEX),…
Hierarchical Interferometric Bayesian Imaging
Paul Tiede, William Moses, Valentin Churavy +4
Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) achieves the highest angular resolution in astronomy. VLBI measures corrupted Fourier components, known as visibilities. Reconstructing on-…
First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870μm
Alexander W. Raymond, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Keiichi Asada +276
The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870m wavelength (345GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolutio…
The Black Hole Explorer: Motivation and Vision
Michael D. Johnson, Kazunori Akiyama, Rebecca Baturin +65
We present the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), a mission that will produce the sharpest images in the history of astronomy by extending submillimeter Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry…
Atmospheric limitations for high-frequency ground-based VLBI
Dominic W. Pesce, Lindy Blackburn, Ryan Chaves +10
Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) provides the highest-resolution images in astronomy. The sharpest resolution is nominally achieved at the highest frequencies, but as the o…
Reference Array and Design Consideration for the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope
Sheperd S. Doeleman, John Barrett, Lindy Blackburn +26
We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT). This program - the next-generation Event Horizon Te…
Enabling Transformational ngEHT Science via the Inclusion of 86 GHz Capabilities
Sara Issaoun, Dominic W. Pesce, Freek Roelofs +13
We present a case for significantly enhancing the utility and efficiency of the ngEHT by incorporating an additional 86 GHz observing band. In contrast to 230 or 345 GHz, weather c…
The ngEHT Analysis Challenges
Freek Roelofs, Lindy Blackburn, Greg Lindahl +15
The next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) will be a significant enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array, with new antennas and instrumental upgra…
The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry
Leonid I. Gurvits, Zsolt Paragi, Ricardo I. Amils +51
Ultra-high angular resolution in astronomy has always been an important vehicle for making fundamental discoveries. Recent results in direct imaging of the vicinity of the supermas…
Evaluation of New Submillimeter VLBI Sites for the Event Horizon Telescope
Alexander W. Raymond, Daniel Palumbo, Scott N. Paine +8
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very long baseline interferometer built to image supermassive black holes on event-horizon scales. In this paper, we investigate candidate si…
SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline
F. Roelofs, M. Janssen, I. Natarajan +203
Realistic synthetic observations of theoretical source models are essential for our understanding of real observational data. In using synthetic data, one can verify the extent to…
Closure statistics in interferometric data
Lindy Blackburn, Dominic W. Pesce, Michael D. Johnson +4
Interferometric visibilities, reflecting the complex correlations between signals recorded at antennas in an interferometric array, carry information about the angular structure of…
Extremely long baseline interferometry with Origins Space Telescope
Dominic W. Pesce, Kari Haworth, Gary J. Melnick +8
Operating 1.5 million km from Earth at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, the Origins Space Telescope equipped with a slightly modified version of its HERO heterodyne instrument coul…
Studying black holes on horizon scales with space-VLBI
Kari Haworth, Michael D. Johnson, Dominic W. Pesce +25
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) recently produced the first horizon-scale image of a supermassive black hole. Expanding the array to include a 3-meter space telescope operating a…
Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays
Lindy Blackburn, Sheperd Doeleman, Jason Dexter +35
High-resolution imaging of supermassive black holes is now possible, with new applications to testing general relativity and horizon-scale accretion and relativistic jet formation…
Prospects for Wideband VLBI Correlation in the Cloud
Ajay Gill, Lindy Blackburn, Arash Roshanineshat +5
This paper proposes a cloud architecture for the correlation of wide bandwidth VLBI data. Cloud correlation facilitates processing of entire experiments in parallel using flexibly…
Universal Interferometric Signatures of a Black Hole's Photon Ring
Michael D. Johnson, Alexandru Lupsasca, Andrew Strominger +14
The Event Horizon Telescope image of the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87 is dominated by a bright, unresolved ring. General relativity predicts that embedded within this…
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that comprises millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength telescopes separated by distances comp…
Metrics and Motivations for Earth-Space VLBI: Time-Resolving Sgr A* with the Event Horizon Telescope
Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Michael D. Johnson +2
Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) at frequencies above 230 GHz with Earth-diameter baselines gives spatial resolution finer than the as "shadow" of the supermass…
EHT-HOPS pipeline for millimeter VLBI data reduction
Lindy Blackburn, Chi-kwan Chan, Geoffrey B. Crew +12
We present the design and implementation of an automated data calibration and reduction pipeline for very-long-baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations taken at millimeter wave…
Testing General Relativity with the Black Hole Shadow Size and Asymmetry of Sagittarius A*: Limitations from Interstellar Scattering
Ziyan Zhu, Michael D. Johnson, Ramesh Narayan
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global 230 GHz VLBI array, achieves an angular resolution of , sufficient to resolve the supermassive black hole Sagit…
Interferometric Imaging Directly with Closure Phases and Closure Amplitudes
Andrew A. Chael, Michael D. Johnson, Katherine L. Bouman +3
Interferometric imaging now achieves angular resolutions as fine as 10 microarcsec, probing scales that are inaccessible to single telescopes. Traditional synthesis imaging methods…
Dynamical Imaging with Interferometry
Michael D. Johnson, Katherine L. Bouman, Lindy Blackburn +7
By linking widely separated radio dishes, the technique of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can greatly enhance angular resolution in radio astronomy. However, at any given…