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The Habitable Zones of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars
Ramses M. Ramirez, Lisa Kaltenegger
We calculate the pre-main-sequence HZ for stars of spectral classes F to M. The spatial distribution of liquid water and its change during the pre-main-sequence phase of protoplane…
Warming early Mars with CO2 and H2
Ramses M. Ramirez, Ravi Kopparapu, Michael E. Zugger +3
The presence of valleys on ancient terrains of Mars suggest that liquid water flowed on the martian surface 3.8 billion years ago or before. The above-freezing temperatures require…
Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: Dependence on Planetary Mass
Ravi kumar Kopparapu, Ramses M. Ramirez, James SchottelKotte +3
The ongoing discoveries of extrasolar planets are unveiling a wide range of terrestrial mass (size) planets around their host stars. In this letter, we present estimates of habitab…