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Brightness Characterization and Modeling for Amazon Leo Satellites
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole, Hui Zhi +4
The mean apparent magnitude of Amazon Leo satellites is 6.28 based on 1,938 observations. For spacecraft in their operational mode, 92% exceeded the brightness limit recommended by…
Brightness Characteristics of the Qianfan Satellites and Evidence That Some Are Tumbling
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole, Stephan Hellmich +3
The mean apparent magnitude of the Qianfan satellites is 5.76 +/- 0.04, while the mean of magnitudes adjusted to a distance of 1,000 km is 5.24 +/- 0.04, based on 1,161 observation…
Initial Observations of the First BlueBird Spacecraft and a Model of Their Brightness
Richard E. Cole, Anthony Mallama, Scott Harrington +1
Based on a large set of visual observations, the mean apparent magnitude of BlueBird satellites is 3.44, while the mean of magnitudes adjusted to a uniform distance of 1000 km is 3…
Characterization of Starlink Direct-to-Cell Satellites In Brightness Mitigation Mode
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole, Jay Respler +1
The mean apparent magnitude of Starlink Mini Direct-To-Cell (DTC) satellites observed in brightness mitigation mode is 5.16, while the mean of magnitudes adjusted to a uniform dist…
BlueWalker 3 Redux
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole, Scott Harrington +4
The BlueWalker 3 satellite is now fainter than during the first months after deployment. The greatest improvement is that the average maximum luminosity near zenith has been reduce…
Brightness Characterization for Starlink Direct-to-Cell Satellites
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole, Scott Harrington +1
The mean apparent magnitude of Starlink Mini Direct-To-Cell (DTC) satellites is 4.62 while the mean of magnitudes adjusted to a uniform distance of 1000 km is 5.50. DTCs average 4.…