Effects of retarded electrical fields on observables sensitive to the high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Gao-Feng Wei, Bao-An Li, Gao-Chan Yong +3

Within the isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model IBUU11, we examine the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio and neutron-proto…