Shallow core levels, or how to determine the doping and $T_c$ of Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ and Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CuO${}_{6+\delta }$ without cooling

Tonica Valla, Asish K. Kundu, Petar Pervan +4

Determining the doping level in high-temperature cuprate superconductors is crucial for understanding the origin of superconductivity in these materials and for unlocking their ful…