13 papers
Twenty Days Later: A Pre-Registered Test of History-Based Forecasts of Brand Mentions in Gemini Answers
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Counts of which brands a large language model names are useful only if they hold long enough to act on. We test this with a pre-registered replication. The same 162 requests (54 qu…
A Shared Taste for Model-Written Text: The Generator-by-Selector Matrices of "AI-AI Bias" Show No Detectable Own-Model Premium
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Laurito et al. (PNAS 2025) showed that large language models choosing between two descriptions of the same product, paper or film prefer the description written by a language model…
System Attribution in LLM Brand Recommendations: Single Responses Identify the System, Aggregated Brand Profiles Do Not Transfer
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Audits of AI visibility summarise the brand recommendations of deployed language models into per-system profiles. We test whether such a profile describes the system on one corpus…
Ask a Language Model for Lottery Numbers: Concentration in Repeated Six-of-49 Outputs
Dmitrij Żatuchin
We evaluate six language-model configurations on requests for six distinct random integers from 1-49. Across 1,200 attempted calls using four English prompt variants, 1,184 respons…
Measuring Brand and Source Discovery under Repeated LLM Queries: A Finite-Sample Audit
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Repeated-query audits must distinguish recovery of a collected set from completeness of possible outputs. We apply sample-based rarefaction to 4,500 responses from 50 buying questi…
The Dice Roll Method: A Standardized Protocol for Repeated-Query Auditing of Large Language Model Brand Recommendations
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Background: Researchers increasingly use repeated identical prompts to audit stochastic variation in large language model (LLM) brand recommendations, yet no standardized protocol…
The Language of the Question Selects the Market: Query Language and Exit IP as Separable Factors in Commercial Recommendations from a Generative Search Interface
Dmitrij Żatuchin
When a generative search interface answers a commercial question, which market's products it names is decided before the model reasons about the products. We report a controlled pr…
Demand-Side Measurement for Generative Engine Optimization: Constructing and Validating a Million-Persona, Intent-Annotated Buyer Corpus
Dmitrij Żatuchin, Daniil Dzemesjuk
Generative engines such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity answer buyer questions directly and name a shortlist of brands inside the answer. Studying how brands enter or fail to en…
Who Gets Named: Citation Type Predicts Individual Naming by Grounded Language Models, and a Roster Instrument Captures 0.5% of It
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Prior work on AI brand visibility measures the firm: does a model recommend a company, and does that track its reputation. This study asks the question one level down, in categorie…
Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Teams measuring whether large language models (LLMs) recommend a brand face a reproducibility problem: ask the same question twice and the answer moves. Practice resamples each pro…
How Large Language Models Source Brand Reputation Across Languages and Markets
Dmitrij Zatuchin
When a large language model (LLM) answers a question about a company, it grounds the answer in retrieved web sources, and those sources decide what the model says. Most analysis of…
The Language Blind Spot: How Query Language and Brand Recognition Tier Shape AI-Constructed Brand Reputation Across Twelve European Languages
Dmitrij Żatuchin
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate how people form impressions of organisations, yet most monitoring is done in English, assuming an English query returns a represen…
Who Owns the AI Recommendation? A Multi-Industry Empirical Map of Brand Category Ownership Across Large Language Models
Dmitrij Żatuchin
This exploratory study measures brand inclusion across five industries, 50 brands and 250 queries, each put five times to GPT-5.2, Gemini 3 Flash and Perplexity sonar-pro in Februa…