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cs.AI2026
SPACENUM: Revisiting Spatial Numerical Understanding in VLMs
Jianshu Zhang, Yijiang Li, Huifeixin Chen +4
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in embodied environments, where they need produce numerical outputs such as action magnitudes and spatial coordinates. Altho…
cs.AI2026★ 1 cited
Theory of Space: Can Foundation Models Construct Spatial Beliefs through Active Exploration?
Pingyue Zhang, Zihan Huang, Yue Wang +11
Spatial embodied intelligence requires agents to act to acquire information under partial observability. While multimodal foundation models excel at passive perception, their capac…