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cs.LG2026

Continual Learning in Transition

Zhiyan Hou, Dan Zhang, Tao Feng +11

Classical continual learning (CL) has primarily focused on enabling models to update and retain knowledge through parameter-centric mechanisms, e.g., training strategies, architect…

cs.LG2026

Tiny Brains, Giant Impact: Uncovering the Keystone Neurons of LLM with Just a Few Prompts

Xiangtian Ji, Yuxin Chen, Zhengzhou Cai +3

Large language models (LLMs) display strong comprehensive abilities, yet the internal mechanisms that support these behaviors remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we sho…

cs.LG2026

Rubric-based On-policy Distillation

Junfeng Fang, Zhepei Hong, Mao Zheng +7

On-policy distillation (OPD) is a powerful paradigm for model alignment, yet its reliance on teacher logits restricts its application to white-box scenarios. We contend that struct…

cs.LG2026

On the Implicit Reward Overfitting and the Low-rank Dynamics in RLVR

Hao Ye, Jisheng Dang, Junfeng Fang +7

Recent extensive research has demonstrated that the enhanced reasoning capabilities acquired by models through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) are primarily c…

cs.LG2026

Unifying Group-Relative and Self-Distillation Policy Optimization via Sample Routing

Gengsheng Li, Tianyu Yang, Junfeng Fang +6

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard paradigm for post-training large language models. While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is wid…

cs.LG2026

DRAFT: Task Decoupled Latent Reasoning for Agent Safety

Lin Wang, Junfeng Fang, Dan Zhang +3

The advent of tool-using LLM agents shifts safety monitoring from output moderation to auditing long, noisy interaction trajectories, where risk-critical evidence is sparse-making…

cs.LG2026

SafeNeuron: Neuron-Level Safety Alignment for Large Language Models

Zhaoxin Wang, Jiaming Liang, Fengbin Zhu +5

Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs are typically safety-aligned before release to prevent harmful content generation. However, recent studies show that safety behavio…

cs.LG2026

NExT-Guard: Training-Free Streaming Safeguard without Token-Level Labels

Junfeng Fang, Nachuan Chen, Houcheng Jiang +5

Large language models are increasingly deployed in streaming scenarios, rendering conventional post-hoc safeguards ineffective as they fail to interdict unsafe content in real-time…

cs.LG2026

Controllable Value Alignment in Large Language Models through Neuron-Level Editing

Yonghui Yang, Yihui Wang, Junwei Li +6

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values has become increasingly important as their influence on human behavior and decision-making expands. However, existing steeri…