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cs.AI2026

EmoRSS: Mitigating Emotion-Induced Over-Refusal in Large Language Models

Shuyi Miao, Yaojin Ma, Chenhang Cui +5

Emotional expression can influence the safety decisions of large language models (LLMs), offering a potential avenue for improving safety alignment. Existing studies have mainly fo…

cs.AI2026

ACTR: Aligning Thoughts and Responses for Multilingual Safety in Reasoning LLMs

Xianhui Zhang, Jian Yu, Chengyu Xie +6

Ensuring the safety of reasoning large language models (LLMs) across languages is essential for their reliable deployment. However, when exposed to jailbreak attacks in non-high-re…

cs.AI2026

Mechanist: AI as a Scientific Instrument for Discovering the Mechanisms of Intelligence

Mengru Wang, Junfeng Fang, Shuofei Qiao +17

AI models are increasingly used in scientific discovery and human decision-making. Yet how AI models work and what risks they pose remain poorly understood. As AI development becom…

cs.AI2026

MAE I Trust Myself? Self-Evaluating VLA Action Generation with Markov Attention Entropy

Aniri, Chen Yilin, Jinhe Bi +10

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) integrate visual perception, language instruction, and action generation into end-to-end policies across heterogeneous architectures. However,…

cs.AI2026

Who Bridges Safety? Identifying and Targeting Cross-Lingual Shared Safety Pathways

Shuyi Miao, Wangjie Qiu, Pengyang Shao +4

Uncovering the internal mechanisms underlying the safety capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for developing trustworthy artificial intelligence. Currently, mech…

cs.AI2026

ReflectRL: Learning from Golden Negative Trajectories via Reflective-to-Direct Reasoning

Jinhe Bi, Chennan Zhou, Zengjie Jin +10

On-policy training has emerged as a powerful post-training paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models, and is often enhanced by golden trajectories…

cs.AI2026

One Anchor for All: Unified Multilingual and Multimodal Safety Alignment for LVLMs

Enyi Shi, Fei Shen, Chuancheng Shi +4

As large vision-language models (LVLMs) are deployed globally, the combination of multilingual instructions and visual information makes malicious attacks more covert and sophistic…

cs.AI2026

AgentNoiseBench: Benchmarking Robustness of Tool-Using LLM Agents Under Noisy Condition

Ruipeng Wang, Yuxin Chen, Yukai Wang +9

Recent advances in large language models have enabled LLM-based agents to achieve strong performance on a variety of benchmarks. However, their performance in real-world deployment…