13 papers
LAURA: Knowledge Distillation for Interpretable Ambiguous Clause Identification in Legal Contracts
Amrita Singh, Aditya Joshi, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
Legal contracts contain ambiguities that expose enterprises to financial and legal risks. Some ambiguities allow flexible interpretation without triggering disputes, while others l…
Characterizing Language Generation in the Limit: Finite Witnesses and a Separation-Width Hierarchy
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
Language generation in the limit asks for valid unseen elements from every exhaustive positive presentation of an unknown infinite language. We characterize this task for arbitrary…
Optimistic Rates for Multiclass PAC Learning
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
Worst-case multiclass bounds do not become smaller when the best classifier is already nearly correct: what is missing is an optimistic rate, a guarantee whose fluctuation scales w…
On Computational Hardness of Mistake-Bounded Language Generation: A Random-Oracle Query Separation
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Dai Shi +2
Generation in the limit guarantees eventual generation for every countable collection of infinite languages in the model of Kleinberg and Mullainathan [KM24], while closure dimensi…
The Exact Worst-Case Tail Probability under Bounded Kurtosis
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
We determine exactly what a kurtosis bound buys for one-sided tail control. For the class of real random variables with mean , variance , and fourth moment a…
Beyond Averaging in John Ellipsoid Approximation: High-Accuracy Algorithms in the Leverage-Score Model
Xiaoyu Li, Junwei Yu, Jiaojiao Jiang +2
The John ellipsoid of a symmetric polytope , , is computed by a long line…
Flood and Harvest: The Provable Necessity of Trivia for Generating Valuable Mathematics via the Lens of Language Generation in the Limit
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Dai Shi +3
AI systems coupled to proof assistants now generate formal mathematics at scale, and the gap between what a checker can verify and what a mathematician would value has become the b…
LAUKIN: A Multi-jurisdictional Common Law Contract Dataset
Amrita Singh, Aditya Joshi, Jiaojiao Jiang +2
Multinational companies increasingly require cross-jurisdictional contract review, yet existing legal NLP datasets are largely restricted to a single jurisdiction. We introduce LAU…
Contrastive Identification and Generation in the Limit
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
In the classical identification in the limit model of Gold [1967], a stream of positive examples is presented round by round, and the learner must eventually recover the target hyp…
On the Price of Privacy for Language Identification and Generation
Xiaoyu Li, Andi Han, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained on sensitive user data, understanding the fundamental cost of privacy in language learning becomes essential. We initiate t…
Breaking Semantic-Aware Watermarks via LLM-Guided Coherence-Preserving Semantic Injection
Zheng Gao, Xiaoyu Li, Zhicheng Bao +2
Generative images have proliferated on Web platforms in social media and online copyright distribution scenarios, and semantic watermarking has increasingly been integrated into di…
Evaluating Customized vs. Generalist Transformer-based Models for Legal Contract Classification
Amrita Singh, H. Suhan Karaca, Aditya Joshi +2
Despite advances in legal NLP, no comprehensive evaluation of Transformer-based models customized for legal tasks (referred to as `legal-specific' models in this paper) exists for…
A Survey of Classification Tasks and Approaches for Legal Contracts
Amrita Singh, Aditya Joshi, Jiaojiao Jiang +1
Given the large size and volumes of contracts and their underlying inherent complexity, manual reviews become inefficient and prone to errors, creating a clear need for automation.…