most citedLILO: Bayesian Optimization with Natural Language Feedback

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cs.CL2026

Scaling Multi-Agent Intelligence with Substrate-Centric Coordination

Zhenting Qi, Zhuokai Zhao, Rulin Shao +7

Existing large language model (LLM) based multi-agent systems have been shown to scale poorly, and we identify three problems: reading burden that grows with the group, useful info…

cs.CL2026

Knowledge Distillation During Mid-Training Favors Reasoning over Factual Recall

Jacqueline He, Howard Yen, Shuyue Stella Li +9

Logit-based knowledge distillation (KD) is used to train smaller language models (LMs) via supervision from stronger teachers, but whether its benefits are consistent across traini…

cs.CL2026

SAGE-OPD: Selective Agent-Guided Intervention for Multi-Turn On-Policy Distillation

Yuhang Zhou, Lizhu Zhang, Yifan Wu +5

On-policy distillation (OPD) improves student models by training them on trajectories induced by their own policy, making it a promising approach for mitigating exposure bias in ag…

cs.CL2026

Self-Policy Distillation via Capability-Selective Subspace Projection

Guangya Hao, Yitong Shang, Yunbo Long +2

Self-distillation bootstraps large language models (LLMs) by training on their own generations. However, existing methods either rely on external signals to curate self-generated o…

cs.CL2026

Agentic Recommender System with Hierarchical Belief-State Memory

Xiang Shen, Yuhang Zhou, Yifan Wu +8

Memory-augmented LLM agents have advanced personalized recommendation, yet existing approaches universally adopt flat memory representations that conflate ephemeral signals with st…

cs.CL2026

Synthetic Sandbox for Training Machine Learning Engineering Agents

Yuhang Zhou, Lizhu Zhang, Yifan Wu +4

As large language model agents advance beyond software engineering (SWE) tasks toward machine learning engineering (MLE), verifying agent behavior becomes orders of magnitude more…

cs.CL2026

LLM-Driven Reasoning for Constraint-Aware Feature Selection in Industrial Systems

Yuhang Zhou, Zhuokai Zhao, Ke Li +14

Feature selection is a crucial step in large-scale industrial machine learning systems, directly affecting model accuracy, efficiency, and maintainability. Traditional feature sele…

cs.CL2026

TARo: Token-level Adaptive Routing for LLM Test-time Alignment

Arushi Rai, Qiang Zhang, Hanqing Zeng +5

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities but typically require expensive post-training to reach high performance. Recent test-time alignment methods offer…

cs.CL2025

Mixture-of-Minds: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Table Understanding

Yuhang Zhou, Mingrui Zhang, Ke Li +12

Understanding and reasoning over tables is a critical capability for many real-world applications. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise on this task, but current approac…

cs.CL2025

Let it Calm: Exploratory Annealed Decoding for Verifiable Reinforcement Learning

Chenghao Yang, Lin Gui, Chenxiao Yang +3

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet its success hinges on eff…

cs.CL2025

S'MoRE: Structural Mixture of Residual Experts for Parameter-Efficient LLM Fine-tuning

Hanqing Zeng, Yinglong Xia, Zhuokai Zhao +7

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) presents a dual challenge of balancing parameter efficiency and model capacity. Existing methods like low-rank adaptations (LoR…