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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Balancing Memory Pathways: Analyzing and Improving Memory Utilization in Hybrid LMs

Hyunji Lee, Joykirat Singh, Zaid Khan +5

Recurrent-attention hybrid language models (LMs), which interleave attention and recurrent layers, are increasingly used to combine the efficiency of the recurrent layers with the…

cs.CL2026

MINTEval: Evaluating Memory under Multi-Target Interference in Long-Horizon Agent Systems

Hyunji Lee, Justin Chih-Yao Chen, Joykirat Singh +3

Real-world agents operate over long and evolving horizons, where information is repeatedly updated and may interfere across memories, requiring accurate recall and aggregated reaso…

cs.CL2026

Agent-BRACE: Decoupling Beliefs from Actions in Long-Horizon Tasks via Verbalized State Uncertainty

Joykirat Singh, Zaid Khan, Archiki Prasad +5

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on long-horizon tasks in partially observable environments, where they must act while inferring and tracking a complex enviro…

cs.CL2026

MERRIN: A Benchmark for Multimodal Evidence Retrieval and Reasoning in Noisy Web Environments

Han Wang, David Wan, Hyunji Lee +6

Motivated by the underspecified, multi-hop nature of search queries and the multimodal, heterogeneous, and often conflicting nature of real-world web results, we introduce MERRIN (…

cs.CL2026

Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind

Hanqi Xiao, Vaidehi Patil, Zaid Khan +3

As large language models (LLMs) become the engine behind conversational systems, their ability to reason about the intentions and states of their dialogue partners (i.e., form and…

cs.CL2026

Balancing Faithfulness and Performance in Reasoning via Multi-Listener Soft Execution

Nithin Sivakumaran, Shoubin Yu, Hyunji Lee +4

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning sometimes fails to faithfully reflect the true computation of a large language model (LLM), hampering its utility in explaining how LLMs arrive at…

cs.CL2026

Multimodal Fact-Level Attribution for Verifiable Reasoning

David Wan, Han Wang, Ziyang Wang +3

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly used for real-world tasks involving multi-step reasoning and long-form generation, where reliability requires grounding mo…

cs.CL2025

Efficient Prompt Optimisation for Legal Text Classification with Proxy Prompt Evaluator

Hyunji Lee, Kevin Chenhao Li, Matthias Grabmair +1

Prompt optimization aims to systematically refine prompts to enhance a language model's performance on specific tasks. Fairness detection in Terms of Service (ToS) clauses is a cha…

cs.CL2025

Generalized Correctness Models: Learning Calibrated and Model-Agnostic Correctness Predictors from Historical Patterns

Hanqi Xiao, Vaidehi Patil, Hyunji Lee +2

Generating accurate and calibrated confidence estimates is critical for deploying LLMs in high-stakes or user-facing applications, and remains an open challenge. Prior research has…

cs.CL2025

Instruction Tuning with and without Context: Behavioral Shifts and Downstream Impact

Hyunji Lee, Seunghyun Yoon, Yunjae Won +7

Instruction tuning is a widely used approach to improve the instruction-following ability of large language models (LLMs). Instruction-tuning datasets typically include a mixture o…

cs.CL2025

CORG: Generating Answers from Complex, Interrelated Contexts

Hyunji Lee, Franck Dernoncourt, Trung Bui +1

In a real-world corpus, knowledge frequently recurs across documents but often contains inconsistencies due to ambiguous naming, outdated information, or errors, leading to complex…

cs.CL2024

How do Multimodal Foundation Models Encode Text and Speech? An Analysis of Cross-Lingual and Cross-Modal Representations

Hyunji Lee, Danni Liu, Supriti Sinhamahapatra +1

Multimodal foundation models aim to create a unified representation space that abstracts away from surface features like language syntax or modality differences. To investigate thi…