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20242026
most citedSmall Language Models: Survey, Measurements, and Insights

17 citations · 39 across the 35 of their papers we have counts for

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15 papers · 1 filter

cs.CL2026

Learning to Read Out: Unembedding Dynamics in Language Model Pretraining

Matteo He, William F. Shen, Alex Iacob +3

When does a language model acquire a capability? Developmental studies usually answer this by tracking when models start producing the correct token. But that prediction passes thr…

cs.LG2026

Extracting Forgotten Prompts from Targeted Unlearned Models

Au Ashley Hoi-Ting, Meghdad Kurmanji, William F. Shen +2

Recent unlearning methods (e.g. NPO, DPO, LUNAR) make use of refusal alignment to suppress forgotten data. However, it has been shown that refusal responses might leave traces of u…

cs.CL2026

Sparse Readout Prism: Explaining Logit-Lens Scores in Features Instead of Tokens

Matteo He, William F. Shen, Xinchi Qiu +1

A language model's prediction of its next token develops across layers, and lens methods track this process by decoding intermediate hidden states into tokens. But a lens reading r…

cs.LG2026

Flower Hub: A Reproducible Benchmarking Platform for Federated Learning in Simulation and Deployment

Yan Gao, Mohammad Naseri, Javier Fernandez-Marques +19

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a key approach for training models across decentralized data, yet benchmarking in FL remains difficult to reproduce, compare, and extend. Exi…

cs.AI2026

How LLM Task-Adaptation Reshapes Alignment: A Multi-dimensional Study of Behavioral and Representational Drift

James Elcock, William F. Shen, Xinchi Qiu +1

Post-training is a key mechanism for adapting large language models to downstream tasks. While prior work suggests that task adaptation can alter a model's pre-existing alignment,…

cs.LG2026★ 2 cited

The Red Queen Gödel Machine: Co-Evolving Agents and Their Evaluators

Alex Iacob, Andrej Jovanović, William F. Shen +12

Self-improving agents are state-of-the-art on agentic coding benchmarks, yet their search methods assume a stationary evaluation criterion. This ignores a central feature of evolut…

cs.LG2026

FoMoE: Breaking the Full-Replica Barrier with a Federation of MoEs

Lorenzo Sani, Zeyu Cao, Meghdad Kurmanji +5

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) typically demands large-scale infrastructure with tightly coupled hardware accelerators. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) architectures partially…

cs.DC2026

PreLort: Prefix-Nested LoRA for Federated Fine-Tuning under Rank Heterogeneity

Muhammad Waseem, Nurbek Tastan, Andrej Jovanovic +4

Federated fine-tuning of large language models using parameter-efficient methods such as LoRA enables privacy-preserving adaptation of foundation models. Heterogeneous hardware res…

cs.LG2026

Beyond Scaling: Agents Are Heading to the Edge

Chunlin Tian, Dongqi Cai, Wanru Zhao +1

The bottleneck of useful agentic intelligence has shifted from compressing world knowledge into a single model to executing a coordinated system. This position paper argues that pe…

cs.CL2026

Response-Conditioned Parallel-to-Sequential Orchestration for Multi-Agent Systems

Nurbek Tastan, Alex Iacob, Lorenzo Sani +4

Multi-agent systems can solve complex tasks through collaboration between multiple Large Language Model agents. Existing collaboration frameworks typically operate in either a para…

cs.CL2026

EdgeFlowerTune: Evaluating Federated LLM Fine-Tuning Under Realistic Edge System Constraints

Jiaxiang Geng, Yiyi Lu, Lunyu Zhao +3

Federated fine-tuning offers a promising paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) on edge devices by leveraging the rich, diverse, and continuously generated data from sm…

cs.LG2026

Task-Centric Personalized Federated Fine-Tuning of Language Models

Gabriel U. Talasso, Meghdad Kurmanji, Allan M. de Souza +2

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique for training language models on distributed and private datasets of diverse tasks. However, aggregating models trained…

cs.LG2026

-FUM: Federated Unlearning via min--max and -divergence

Radmehr Karimian, Amirhossein Bagheri, Meghdad Kurmanji +2

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training while keeping raw data on clients. Deletion requests and the discovery of poisoned data create a need to remove selected cont…

cs.LG2026

LoRDO: Distributed Low-Rank Optimization with Infrequent Communication

Andrej Jovanović, Alex Iacob, Mher Safaryan +6

Distributed training of foundation models via is limited by interconnect bandwidth. While infrequent communication strategies reduce synchronization frequency, they…

cs.AI2026★ 1 cited

Computational Compliance for AI Regulation: Blueprint for a New Research Domain

Bill Marino, Nicholas D. Lane

The era of AI regulation (AIR) is upon us. But AI systems, we argue, will not be able to comply with these regulations at the necessary speed and scale by continuing to rely on tra…