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20242026
most citedRevisiting Zeroth-Order Optimization for Memory-Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning: A Benchmark

7 citations · 9 across the 14 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.AI2025

A Framework for Quantifying How Pre-Training and Context Benefit In-Context Learning

Bingqing Song, Jiaxiang Li, Rong Wang +2

Pre-trained large language models have demonstrated a strong ability to learn from context, known as in-context learning (ICL). Despite a surge of recent applications that leverage…

cs.LG2025

ADARL: Adaptive Low-Rank Structures for Robust Policy Learning under Uncertainty

Chenliang Li, Junyu Leng, Jiaxiang Li +4

Robust reinforcement learning (Robust RL) seeks to handle epistemic uncertainty in environment dynamics, but existing approaches often rely on nested min--max optimization, which i…

cs.LG2025

Muon Outperforms Adam in Tail-End Associative Memory Learning

Shuche Wang, Fengzhuo Zhang, Jiaxiang Li +6

The Muon optimizer is consistently faster than Adam in training Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the mechanism underlying its success remains unclear. This paper demystifies this…

math.OC2025

A Correspondence-Driven Approach for Bilevel Decision-making with Nonconvex Lower-Level Problems

Xiaotian Jiang, Jiaxiang Li, Jiawen Bi +2

We consider bilevel optimization problems with general nonconvex lower-level objectives and show that the classical hyperfunction-based formulation is unsettled, since the global m…

cs.LG2025

Aligning Frozen LLMs by Reinforcement Learning: An Iterative Reweight-then-Optimize Approach

Xinnan Zhang, Chenliang Li, Siliang Zeng +6

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences usually requires fine-tuning methods such as RLHF and DPO. These methods directly optimize the model parameters, so the…

cs.LG2025

Memory-Efficient LLM Pretraining via Minimalist Optimizer Design

Athanasios Glentis, Jiaxiang Li, Andi Han +1

Training large language models (LLMs) relies on adaptive optimizers such as Adam, which introduce extra operations and require significantly more memory to maintain first- and seco…

cs.LG2025

Scalable Parameter and Memory Efficient Pretraining for LLM: Recent Algorithmic Advances and Benchmarking

Athanasios Glentis, Jiaxiang Li, Qiulin Shang +4

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models contai…

math.OC2025

A Note on the Convergence of Muon

Jiaxiang Li, Mingyi Hong

In this note, we inspect the convergence of a new optimizer for pretraining LLMs, namely the Muon optimizer. Such an optimizer is closely related to a specialized steepest descent…